, . - . , . , , - , - . , . , , .
:
1) ( ). , (: to be, to live, to remain; : to lie, to sit, to stand, etc; : to run, to move, to pass, etc; , , : to arrive, to emerge, etc.):
e.g. Behind the cart was tied a retriever. ( ).
Came a beautiful fall day, warm and languid. , .
2) ( : not only but, not merely but, hardly when, scarcely when, no sooner than):
e.g. No sooner had he come than he fill ill. , .
Hardly had they come home when it began to rain. , .
3) (never, nowhere, not a word, etc); ( only); (many a time, etc.):
e.g. Only when they left the house did his normal eloquence return. , .
Everything was always in its place, and nowhere could you see a speck of dust. , .
4) , .
e.g. Had she been 14 instead of 24, she might have been changed 14, 24, , , .
5) do Present Past Indefinite :
e.g. I do love you. . ( , .)
6) :
e.g. Terrible it had been! !
7) so neither ( ):
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e.g. The little passage was empty and so was the kitchen. . .
, ( ).
e.g. Bill was tired after the bull-fight. So was I. . .
He is tired. So he is. . , .
8) it. - (, , , ) it is (was) that (who, whom).
e.g. It was James who saved the situation. .
It was Covent Garden Theatre that I chose. -.
It was then he had arisen. .
9) not until till.
e.g. It was not until he had read for several days that he came upon a story that quickened his pulse. , , , .
10) Condensed Relative, what .
e.g. After all, Britain is unique in expecting to see its ministers move around every few years as though politics were a branch of show business where what matters is that the faces should be new. , , , -, .
11) much u little :
e.g. I think she was being less than truthful. , .
12) most :
e.g. It was a most fascinating film. () .
13) as as : any, anybody, anything.
e.g. His chef was as good as any in Paris and you could be sure at his table of having set before you the earliest delicacies of the season. - , , .
14) Continuous , , , , , , ( , Continuous):
e.g. In these days he was thinking much about that young fellow His face showed what he was thinking. , .
15) no:
e.g. He is no linguist. .
Im feeling no worse than yesterday. , .
There were no fewer than 150 people at the party. 150 .
She had no small part in its success. .
Its a question of no great importance. - .
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1. Up goes unemployment, up go prices, and down tumbles the Labour Vote. (The Times)
2. The form of the symphonic movements, complex though they became, still bears the mark of the folksong.
3. It was not until he had read for several days that he came upon a story that quickened his pulse. (Stone)
4. Our arrangement was no announcement for a few days. (Hailey)
5. Walter might be said to have a great sense of fun, if no very strong sense of humour. (Walpole)
6. Stress is no respecter of age. Or sex. Or wealth. (The Daily Mirror)
7. They passed no village bigger than a hamlet and no inn better than an alehouse, but Harry was urgent to stop at one of them and seek better horses. (Buchan)
8. The differences between India and Pakistan are not irreconcilable. (The Guardian)
9. Drought so late in the year is rare but not unknown, commented a gardening expert in the local newspaper. (Kenyon)
10. She could see in him nothing that was not rich, shining, desirable. (Johnson)
11. Any international agreement concerned with non-proliferation must ensure that a way to a future deterrent is effectively barred. New fingers on a nuclear trigger would be no less acceptable if the nuclear decision were in the hands not of one new power but of a majority in some consortium. This fact cannot be stated too often and too clearly. The accumulation of nuclear weapons cannot be too often emphasized. (The Guardian)
12. The Senator was less than delighted at the news. (Newsweek)
13. And in a little while I received the grateful news that the object of Julias affections was no less a person than the incorruptible Chandra Lal. (Maugham)
14. Ulanova did more than embellish the art of dance. (The Moscow Times)
15. The assumption that there is a special relationship between London and Washington irritates the French, not least because they regard it as largely imaginary. (The Guardian)
16. The sun was shining and the Mediterranean was at its bluest. (Christie)
17. The distant hum of the street traffic was at its faintest. (Collins)
18. Old Jolyon was as lonely an old man as any in London. (Galsworthy)
19. As many as three weeks the travellers spent in the jungle. (The Guardian)
20. As early as 1904 while still a student Webern met Arnold Schoenberg and became his lifelong friend and disciple in the cause of overthrowing tonal music. (Time)
21. Never before in the history of the world have there been so many persons engaged in the translation of both secular and religious materials. (Nida and Taber)
22. In this picture his manner is at its crudest. (The Guardian)
23. His audience last night may also have been less than enthusiastic about the PMs attitude towards Government spending. (The Times)
24. Her appearance on the stage has been as exhilarating as anything that has happened since the beginning of the season. (The Times)
25. No two international problems are alike. (The Guardian)
26. It was not an unfavourable moment to abolish all military pacts. (The Times)
27. Now she was going away, and somehow Paris would be more lonely without her. Not that he ever saw her, but it was nice to know she was about, read her name in the Mondanités now and then. (Mure)
28. Colonel Hunt, head of the Everest expedition, lost his temper and implied that, far from being a hero, I wasnt even, technically, a very good climber. (Tenzing)
29. There was the long drive home; the long drive and the warm dark and the pleasant closeness of the hansom cab. (Galsworthy)
30. Up went the steps, bang went the door, round whirled the wheels, off they rattled. (Dickens)
31. Never had he read fiction with such keen zest as he studied those books. (London)
32. Many a time in the course of that week did I bless the good fortune. (Kipling)
33. Little did we think that we were never to see him again. (Dickens)
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34. He leaned forward confidentially, and continued in an intimate half-boyish tone: I am not being quite frank with you, Andy, I feel I must be. Its my wife. My wife wont let me go. (Bennett)
35. Oh, yes, and theres our Matt you know Matt hes always talking politics. (Lindsay)
36. Presently, he stopped and leaned over a gate He was always stopping and leaning as Val called it, mooning. (Galsworthy)
37. Love he did her surely. (Dreiser)
38. Strange is the heart of woman. (Leacock)
39. Not only did he speak correctly but he spoke more easily. (London)
40. Not merely did he not know any editors or writers, but he did not know anybody who had ever attempted to write. (London)
41. No sooner had the dog caught sight of him, however, than it began to growl savagely. (Wells)
42. She it was who saved the situation. (Wells)
43. It is the best of friends I am going to be with you. (Dreiser)
44. It was there that he gained his reputation as a missionary preacher. (Voynich)
45. It was because he loved her that he did not quite understand her. (London)
46. It was almost cheerfully, therefore, that he greeted her. (Haxley)
47. Fame was all very well, but it was for Ruth that his splendid dream arose. (London)
48. It is to save yourselves from further loss that you have decided to make me this scapegoat. (Dreiser)
49. It was you who called the sheriff, not I. (Gow and DUsseau)
50. It was still her hand which kept him from utter destitution. (Brontë)
51. He decided on a letter. This letter he addressed to Cork Street. (Galsworthy)
52. Food I got, but light and air no. (Galsworthy)
53. Lovely voice she had, and once or twice he had made her laugh. (Priestly)
54. Many bargains had he picked up there. (Galsworthy)
55. I am a determined character, said Mr. Creakle. Thats what I am. I do my duty. Thats what I do.. (Dickens)
56. What I suffered for that placard nobody can imagine. (Dickens)
57. Inexperienced though he was, he had still a strong sense of the danger. (Wilde)
58. And, as dark as it was, and as fat as Bill was, and as good a runner as I am, he was a good mile and a half out of Summit before I could catch up with him. (OHenry)
59. Was it not the fashion to keep abreast of certain things, however moral one might be? (Galsworthy)
60. Its as dark as anything outside. (Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture)
