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, , . , -  
I II . , , . , . . , . , , , , , , , .  
 
 
1.1.
-
, , , . , , . (, ..) , , , .
, , , , , , , . . . , , , , , .     . .

- . .

. ( ) :

............................... 0.05

.......................... 0.06 0.5

............................ 0.5 2

.......................... 2 10

............................ 11 60

............................ 60 160

............................ 160

a1, a2, a3.

(1.1)

.

, (1.2)

N , , f , (j - , ), C , , F , .

j r1, (j = r1). j=0.7r2, r2 -- .

. fc = 0.75 tg j, f =0.81 tg j, f = 0.85 tg j, f =tg j. f =0.7 fc, f = 0.7 f , f =0.7 f , f = 0.7 f .

. 1.2.

1.2

    , /3 , , ,
  r f r1 r2 fc
................................. .............................................. .............. ......................................... ........... : ............................. .................. ............................... ....................................... ................................................... 1.4-1.9 1.5-1.7 1.6-2.0   1.3-1.6 1.0-1.4   1.0-1.2 1.0-1.2 0.9-1.9 1.2-1.5 0.1-0.5 0.6-0.9 0.5-1.0 0.8-1.0   0.8-1.0 0.5-0.8   0.6-1.2 0.6-0.8 0.5-0.9 0.6-0.9 0.3-0.5     19-45     16-36 0.8 0.8 0.65   0.65 0.75   1.15 0.85 0.65 1.0. 0.19-0.63

 

(/3 , /3 ). - ( =1.1 1.4).

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