1. Where does the vast territory of Russia lie?
2. What oceans and seas is Russia washed by?
3. What countries does Russia border on?
4. What are the main mountain chains, rivers and lakes in Russia?
5. How can you characterize Russias climate?
6. What mineral and natural resources is Russia rich in?
7. What is the population of Russia?
8. What branches does the government consist of?
9. What is the legislative power exercised by?
10.What body does the executive power belong to?
Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into English.
1. .
2. 12 .
3. , , .
4. .
5. , , , , , , , .
6. .
7. - .
8. , -.
9. .
10. , .
11. .
Exercise 5.Retell the text.
..
2
LONDON
(2 )
Exercise 1. Study the following words and word combinations.
1. commercial ,
2. separate boroughs
3. numerous -
4. to concentrate
5. the Old Bailey
6. masterpiece
7. cathedral
8. royal
9. Armour
10. church
11. architect
12. Buckingham Palace
13. to stretch
14. Westminster Abbey
15. to bury
16. wealth
17. luxury
18. Trafalgar square
19. representative ,
20. priceless
21. ancient
22. financial
23. neither nor
24. Madame Tussauds museum
25. wax
26. musician
27. shady avenues
28. to float
29. a pond -
30. unbelievable -
31. heavy traffic -
32. smoke ,
33. a resident -
34. to be proud -
35. to be called -
|
|
|
36. cockneys -
37. hereditary
38. an inhabitant -
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.
LONDON.
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. It covers more than 600 square miles and consists of 33 separate boroughs, including the City, the West End, the East End and houses of over 12 million people.
London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than a 20 century-old history.
The heart of London is the City its commercial and business centre.
Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live in the City but over a million come to work here. Two masterpieces are situated within the City: St. Pauls Cathedral and the Tower of London. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal residence and a prison. Now it is a museum of Armour and the place where Crown Jewels are kept. St. Pauls Cathedral, the greatest English church, was built in the
17th century by a famous English architect, Sir Christopher Wren. Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace where the Queen lives and the Houses of Parliament stretching for nearly 1000 feet along the north bank of the Thames. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as Big Ben. Westminster Abbey is the place where coronation
of nearly all kings and queens has taken place. Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country (G. Chaucer, Tennyson, Newton, Ch. Dickens, T. Hardy, R. Kipling, etc.).
The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It
is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelsons victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelsons Column stands in the middle of the square.
Opposite the Nelsons monument there is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. The National Gallery was founded in 1824 and shows a representative collection of great paintings from European schools. Not far from the National Gallery theres the British Museum the biggest Museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of different things (ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc.). The British
Museum is famous for its library (about 7 000 000 books). The famous Tate Gallery was opened in 1897 with the financial support of Sir Henry Tate. The Gallery contains a unique collection of British paintings from the 16th century to the present day.
There is a number of museums in London, which are neither art museums nor galleries. You are sure to know about Madame Tussauds Museum. It contains hundreds of wax figures, which are sculpture portraits of famous personalities, political figures, painters, musicians, sportsmen and even criminals.
You cannot leave the city without visiting Hyde Park. When you are walking along its shady avenues, sitting on the grass or watching swans and ducks floating on the ponds, it seems almost unbelievable that all around there is a large city with its heavy traffic and smoke.
|
|
|
The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there. The East End is especially famousMas the centre of the clothing industry in London and as the market place. Every Sunday morning it becomes one of the sights of London. Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys, which means true Londoners, hereditary inhabitants of the area. They love the district very much.
