(). , . , ( ), , .
* (read-only memory, ROM)
* /
( ) . Ÿ , .
: RAM , , ROM .
(. nonvolatile storage) , , . ;
(. volatile storage) , , . , , -.
o (. static storage) , ;
o (. dynamic storage) , (), , , ().
1) (. Non Volatile Random Access Memory, NVRAM) ; , , NVRAM .
, , , . , , , (, ) , .
, , , . , () SSD.
, RAID-.
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2)́́ ́ (. Volatile memory) , . . ́ (. temporary memory).
. (DRAM) (SRAM) . DPRAM . - .
2.1) (SRAM, static random access memory) , , , (DRAM). , SRAM , SRAM . (RAM random access memory) / () ( (), ), (SAM sequential access memory).
. SRAM , .
SRAM .
, .
.
(- [4], DRAM).
.
, SRAM, . SRAM.
SRAM , ( ), ( ), .
DRAM. SRAM -.
2.2) ) ; DRAM , , .
DRAM , , , 1 4 . , . , . .
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, DRAM , , , .
DRAM- , , .
, (). , , . DRAM. , , , .
- (. sense amp), . , , , . , .
, SRAM (. static random access memory), -, , DRAM , , . . , . , , DRAM , 8-64 .
, . , , DRAM . , , ; () .
PASR (. Partial Array Self Refresh), Samsung SDRAM . , .
TCSR (. Temperature Compensated Self Refresh), .
DRAM
DRAM .
, , , . , .
DRAM : , (. RAS to CAS delay), , (. CAS delay), (. RAS precharge). , , .
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DRAM
. , . . .
(. page mode DRAM, PM DRAM) . 1990- , , .
(. fast page mode DRAM, FPM DRAM) 1995 . , . Intel 80486 . 25 33 70 60 40 35 .
