( ) , , [] []. , .
. (α,β,γ,δ,ε,ζ,η,θω), , .
- , ,
3 - , ,
25 - ,
37 - ,
49 - ,
511 - ,
3
5 4 3 2| 1
3──2-─
||
l 3
2,2--4-
3
δ γ β α|
3─── ─
||
l 3
α,α--γ-
( ), .
- ,
3 - ,
25 - ,
37 - , ,
Գ
, ( ), , .. , .
, - .
Oδ-
R - δ-O= C -OHδ+ ∙ ∙ ∙ δ-O= C -OHδ+ ∙ ∙ ∙ δ-O= C -OHδ+
δ+ │ │ │
R R R
ճ
() - -.
. ( )
1. :
3H ↔ 3- + +
( ), .
2. :
Zn + 23H = (3)2 Zn + H2↑
. :
Fe O + 2H = ()2 F + H2O
() ()
4. ( ):
Na OH + 25= 25 Na + H2O
()
5. , . :
Na2 O3 + 2H = 2 Na + H2O + 2↑(23)
()
. .
|
|
|
1. ( )
( ) . . H2SO4.
3 + 25 → 3 25 + 2
( )
. ( )
1. ( , )
3 + Cl2 → 2 OH + Cl 2-
|
Cl
IV. ( =)
1. ()
3 + 2 → 3 (O)H + 2
3 + 2 2 → 3 2H + 2
.
1. :
R-OH → R-C(O)H → RCOOH
C2H5 + [] → CH3- ()H + 2
CuO + Cu
CH3- ()H + [] → CH3- H + 2
C2H5 + [] → CH3- H + 2
2. Mn.
Mn2+
2410 + 5O2 → 4CH3 + 22
3.
3 Na + Cl → 3 OH + NaCl
