.


:




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10.




, . , .. :

1.

1) (, ) 7.: , , , ; , () ;

2) (8-11 .): , , ; (Old English) , ; , 1 . = 10 000 , .

2.

3) (1066 , 12.-.14 .) - , ; -; , ; , ;

4) (14-15) , , ; ; .

3.

5) ( 1475 . 17 .): , ; ; ;

6) (. 17 18): , ;

7) (19-20) ; , , ; .

4 , . . 449. - . Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum. , , . - (, , ) (Anglecyn), : 1) , 2) , 3) . , (Saxones) , . (Angli) , , , , , . . (Iutae) ().

, . . : , ; ; . - England.

7 . (): , , , , , , , .

- .

. 597 . 601 .

300 . , , : 793 . , 870 . 9 , . 865 . , - . 878 . 8 . , 10 .

, - , . , . , , Dane Law ( ). .

954 . , . . , Danegeld.

, 1016 ., 1019, 1028 . (1035) , , 6 . , , . , , - . . - , . 1066 . . . .

.

4 :

1) , (, , ),

2) - () ( ),

3) ( , ),

4) ( ).

. 5 6 . , 7 . 9-10 , - - . 10-11 . , , , .

: , ; ; .

. : 1) , (hus - , stan - ); 2) -, (guma , , mædlan ), (meodu-ærn , ), (sæ-mearh -, ); 3) , , (magister . magister - ), (bocere , , . grammeteus, . librarius).

. :

1. : , ; , ; , , ; , .

2. :

(. angelus, . angelos) - . , castra (Chester), colonia Lincoln, Colhester, portus Bridport, Portmouth, foss Fossbrooore, Fossway. ( ). (Abbot . abbas);

( - fellow, law, to call, to take, - Whitby, Appleby);

;

(syrce , );

(dry - , cumb , binn , dun - );

.

. ( ), , , , , . ( ) . .

1066 . . . , .

. 180 (), 11 . . , . ( ) , . , .

, . , , . , . , .

12-13 . . , , 12 .

: 1476 . (1422-1491) 30 , , (, ). . , . , , .

. 15-16 . , . 15 . (30 ) , . . . ( 1509 1547). . . . , , , .

. . :

1) ;

2) ;

3) .

. .

, - .

(, , ).

:

cw qu, cwen queen;.

v - , u;

wh hw: who, white;

ǽ , .

, , , . : : , , (life I: - ai; e: i: meet); , r; ε: - bird, word; gh bright, light, night, l m,f,v - walk, calves, mb m lamb, mn damn; ks- gz exhibit exhibition.

, . s: shoen shoes, eyen - eyes, en, s. thou . , . do , Past Perfect.

- , . , niman taka (take) sige victry, adi (disease), tof (praise), lyft (air). , blot (). , . , , . , (council, tax), (liberty, charity). (prince, peer, duke, marquis, viscount, baron).

. arena, dexterity, genious, habitual, stimulus. . : . figure . figura . figure. -, : sure secure, poor pauper. i.e. (id est), e.g. (exampli gratia), etc. (etcetera).

, . (12-13 .) . 12 . (, , , ). 13 . . , . - .

. .

, , . 17 . , (, ) . , . 1664 . . : .

. , , , - . , . 18 . , . (1721) (1755). , .

. 1762 , , .

Oxford English Dictionary A. 1879 . , , , ( ). 4- 1972-1986 . 1989 . .

17 . .

18 . . - . , , : microscope, radioactive, semiconductor. : software, take-off.

. : bungalow, khaki. , , - (bungalow bongolo). : mufti (), bazaar (), kiosk (), anorak (), balcony (), envelope (), yacht (). . : macht-politic (), monono ().

, . , , . . 500 . , 15-20 % .

(Received Standard English) 44 : 12 , 9 23 . 26 . , : 1) , , , 2) , 3) . . , , (connoisseur).

, , : 1) Present Continious, 2) go. (setback, comedown, followup input). (jet jet-propelled aircraft). , , , , , , , . , -, .

, , , , . , , , , . .

RP (received pronunciation), , . . RP , . , advanced RP. : (Kings English) - - .

. , , , . , . 1960- ., , . . . , , .

, : .

. . : (, , ), , , . , , . .

( , , , , ( , ), , - , , , . .

. . : , , , , ( ), . : -, . , . , Standard English.

, .. : , , --, -, . ( business) ; . - (-) (, -) . , , , . - (), (), (), (-, , ), - (- ).

, , , , .

. 16 ., . 17 . 1620 . Mayflower . , . , . , . , 17 . . .

( 17 . 18 .) . (1 .) - .

(1758-1843). (1828) . ., . , ., ., . .. . .. (1925) , .

, , , , , , . .

. : 1) ( , ), 2) ( , , , ), 3) ( , , ).

, . - . . , (, r (bar), (far away), , Carolina, idea of). : , , , , , , , , , , , , .

:

[œ] last, half.

O [a] pot.

U [o] bus, cut, urr [] hurry, current; [j] d,n,s,t (duty, student).

E er + [] clerk, derby.

I [j] ia California.

m, n .

D - ld, -nd, -nds - cold, kinds, [d ], [t ] cordial.

K sk ask.

R , . (raid, rice), (card, mother).

S sion, -sia [z] Asia, sp, -sk (wasps, tasks), yes.

T : ) [d] better, ) Betty, ) mostly, ) that one, mountain.

W where, what .

. Monday, holiday day [dei], -oa [] boat, coat, -ng [n] (thing, strength).

: 1) , , 2) .

:

1) 2: got-gotten, struck-stricken;

2) have got - to have;

3) accomodation , ;

4) crouched, squaffed, stooped (crouched tiger, man was stooped), 1.

5) . It is very necessary that I have the above recommendations. should . should, ; .

: 1) , 2) .

. :

1) , , (), . , (caucus , selectman ), (fathers clock , log cabin , ranch - ), (pitcher ), , (coyote - ), (elevated railroad, express train , ). (blurb - );

2) , - , : lift elevator, braces suspenders, biscui t- cookie; :

BE AE

Bonnet hood

Hood top

Dynamo generator

Sparkling plug spark plug

Lorry truck

3) , , (milk-shake, bikini, Western, chewing gum);

4) , - , -

AE BE

Gimmick trick

Up-and-coming promising

Brainwasing indocrination

5) : chilli, chinch (-), ranch, mulatto, picanniny (), chimpunk (), pecan ( ), moccasin, canoe, wigwam, tomahawk wampum ( ), chinkapin ( ), to bury the hatchet, to put on war paint, to go on the war path, to scalp, to be after someones scalp, pale-face, pipe of peace, fire-water, medicine man, boss, cookie (), sleigh ();

6) , : + (pupil activities, sex appeal), , (check-off - , show-down - , walk-up ), (slanguage, catalo).

. . .

:

anesthesia ae anaesthesia

-ection connection -exion connexion

-ed burned -t burnt

-ense license -ence licence

-er center -re centre

-ization civilization -isation civilisation

-ize criticize -ise criticise

-ll fulfill -l fulfil

-ment judgment -ement judgement

-or color -our colour

, l , ll: quarrel quarrelling; , : travel traveling, signal signaling.

. 18 . . , . 1770 . 1783 . . . 1787 . . , .

, - . . .

1800 , . . (), . : kangaroo, boomerang, duck mole duck bill, dingo, station (farm).

. -. , , . , , . :

1) 15. 1763 . , , , . , , . .

2) 1763 1867 . .

3) 1867 . . , . , . : . , , .

-, , , , , ( blinds, serviette ) (Nitchie ). ( (.) corn rich, . corn crib). (angishore , dean ), (bim-codfish ), (hillok - ). , , .

: schedule Cn [skedgul], Am. [sedjul], tomato Cn. [temeitou], Am. [tema:tou], lieutenant Am [leftenent], Cn [lutenent]. , . , beret [berei] [berei], wrath [a, o:, æ], r . l, m, n reason. , ory/ -ary/ ery. , : dictionary, military, secretary, territory. ile: BE [ail], Cn [il] infantile, docile, hostile, [ai,ou] [ei, eu] light, down.

: , our, or (favor, color, honor), BE - - ce, CnE se (defence-se, offence-se), BE re, CnE er (center, theater, meter), BE logue, CnE log (prolog, dialog), BE cheque, programme CnE check, program.

, , , , .

. . :

1) (hell-hole , blackjack ) (candle );

2) . : wiwam , toboggan , hayak , nomatic , to throw the hatchet to the sky ;

3) ( , , ., : HBC Hudsons Bay Company, RCN Royal Canadian Navy.

 

11.

 

. ( 5-, 6- .) . . , , . - . . , , .

, ( - 8 ). , , . ( 5 8). , , , - , .

: 1) - 8- - 11 , 2) - 12- 15 , 3) - 16- ( (16 . - 18- ) ( 18- )).

. , , . , . , . , .

8- 9- , , .

8-11 . . - -, , .

() , . , : , , , . 10 . , - . , , : 1) , , , ; 2) , , , . . ( 9 .).

8-9 . . - diutisca zunge. diutisc , 10-11 . . deutsch .

: , ; 2- , , ; - , , ( ), , , ; . : , , , , , - ; (). (itis - , mornen ). , , , (wih , zebav ). , . , . 8 , , , (schule - . scuola < . Scola); (lilie - . Lilja < . Lilium); , . (. junior . jungivo - ). , . , , , , , . . .

11 15 . . , ; ; , .

. 12-13 . , , , . . , 10 .. , - . (. 1150) (. 1170) , (1160) (. 1180) . . , , . , , . 13 , , , , , . ( ), . , .

13-, 14-15 . . , : 1) , 2) , 3) , 4) ( ) .

- . , , , (, , , , , ), (, ), (, , ), . . , . , , 10 . ( , ), . , , . , , . , , . 13 . , , , , . , , .

-, , . . , (, ). 10 12 . , , ( ). , , . - ( ) 8-9 . 12-14 . , 11 . . . 14 . . , 15 . .

, ( , ). , . , 13-14 . , .

: 1) (, , ); 2) ( -, , , , ); 3) (, , , ).

. 14-15 . . , , 15 . , . , , , , , , , . , , .. , . 17 .

: - , ; - ( , , , ( ), , , , , , , ; - , (, edele , , , , , ), . 14-17 . .

11-14 . : , , , , . , , . .

, . . warc (...) turak. (. hospitale ... hospital).

: , , , . , . , , .

, , , , , , , . , , .

1) (16 - . 18 .), , , ; 2) , , .

- . : , , . 1522-1534 . , . , . 16 . , 16-17 . . 16 . , 17 . . , sassisch (), neddersassisch (), nedderdüdisch (). 17 . Plattdeutsch , , , , . , ( --). : , , .

16-18 . , ; , , .





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