Reading or writing text messages while you are walking is dangerous. A new study says it is more dangerous than texting while driving. The study is from the University of Buffalo in the USA. Researchers found that there are more injuries per kilometer to texting pedestrians than there are to texting motorists. Their report says walking is not as easy as we think it is. We need to focus on many things at the same time to walk safely in a straight line. The research team said that people forget how to walk properly, so dangerous things happen to them. They bump into walls and other people, walk into cars, fall over things in the street, and even fall into holes or down stairs. A University professor said walking is a complex action. He said there are several reasons why texting stops people from walking properly. One reason is that they cannot see the path ahead of them. Another is that they are focused on their fingers on their mobile phone keyboard instead of their feet on the street. A final reason is that their minds are somewhere else and not on thinking, about walking from A to B safely. The professor said over 6,000 people visited his hospital last year because they were injured while texting. He said the worst cases are head injuries. When a pedestrian is tossed into the air after being hit by a car, he/she has nothing to protect the head, and the damage can be serious.
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PART IV
MATERIALS
FOR LEARNERS INDEPENDENT WORK (LIW)
AND OFFICE HOURS
TASKS FOR LEARNERS INDEPENDENT WORK (LIW)
AND OFFICE HOURS TASKS
| Hand out 1 | |||
| Office hours 1 | Make up a topic Live not to eat, but eat to liveand retell it | ||
| LIW 1 | Read the text Chocoholicsand translate it. | ||
| If bingeing on chocolate makes your trousers too tight, blame the genes CHOCOHOLICS no longer need to feel quality about their craving. They are simply the victim of their genes, scientists have found. The so-called sweet tooth gene has been identified by separate teams of researchers and helps explain why some find it harder to resist chocolate bars and cream cakes. It also raises the possibility of designing a drug which could switch off the gene and help people resist sugary foods. Children, in particular, risk their health by eating too many sweets and chocolates. To identify the gene, the research teams - based at Harvard medical School in Boston and mount Sinai School of medicine in New York conducted almost identical experiments using mice which have differences in their ability to taste sweet foods. They compared the DNA of the two types of mice and noticed differences in the gene called TIR3. Dr. Gopi Shanker, of the Mount Sinai team, said: It contains information which produces a protein called the sweet taste receptor. This recognizes the sweet content of food and initiates a cascade of events which signal to the brain that a sweet food has been eaten. Dr. Shanker added: Exactly the same gene exists in humans, so it means that if your parents have a sweet tooth then you probably will as well. Research by the Harvard team has come to the same conclusion. But Aubrey Sheiham, professor of dental public health at University College, London, said the results did not provide chocoholics with an excuse to give up dieting. He said: we have always know that some people have a sweeter tooth than other. But it has also been proved that if you gradually expose people to less sugar, then the body becomes accustomed to less. They will be satisfied with a lower level of sweetness. Mr. Sheiham warned against any form of gene therapy which sought to deactivate the sweet tooth gene. We have produced this gene through evolution because sweet food in nature are not poisonous and also give us energy. We all need to have some sugar in our diet. The U.S researchers are using their discovery to develop artificial sweeteners without an aftertaste. | |||
| Hand out 2 | |||
| LIW 2 |
 Learn by heart the poem She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies,
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meets in her aspect and her eyes;
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impair'd the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress
Or softly lightens o'er her face,
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.
| ||
| LIW 3 | Make up a video presentation Sport is a direct way for being healthy | ||
| Hand out 3 | |||
| Office hours 2 | Make up a topic Good health is above wealthand retell it | ||
| LIW 4 | Read the text The Slow Down Dietand translate it. Our modern culture is very interested in doing as much as possible in the least amount of time. As a result, most people rush through life at a speed that makes a healthy lifestyle impossible. We eat fast, on the run, and often under stress. As a result, we not only lose most of the pleasure we might get from our food, but also damage our health. Many of us come to the end of the day feeling depressed and overweight. In The Slow Down Diet, Marc David presents a new way to understand our relationship with food, encouraging us to l ook for quality ingredients and to take pleasure in eating. He presents an eight-week programme that allows readers to analyze their own connection to food, helping them get rid of old habits and any guilt they may have. He explains the disadvantages of all 'quick-fix' diets and tells the truth about common myths, such as 'the right way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more'. Instead, he shows us strategies that help both the body and soul, proving that a full enjoyment of each meal is the best way to a healthy body. by Marc David | ||
| Hand out 4 | |||
| LIW 5 |  Learn by heart the poem How Do I Love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of everydays
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhoods faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints,I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life!and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
| ||
| LIW 6 | Make up a video presentation Traditional and modern families | ||
| Hand out 5 | |||
| Office hours 3 | Make up a topic Money. How to save the?and retell it. | ||
| LIW 7 | Read the text Georges trialand translate it. George had stolen some money, but the police had caught him and he had been put in prison. Now his trial was about to begin, and he felt sure that he would be found guilty and sent to prison for a long time. Then he discovered that an old friend of his was one of the members of the jury at the trial. Of course, he did not tell anybody, but he managed to see his friend secretly one day. He said to him, Jim, I know that the jury will find me guilty of having stolen the money. I cannot hope to be found not guilty of taking it that would be too much to expect. But I should be grateful to you for the rest of my life if you could persuade the other members of the jury to add a strong recommendation for mercy to their statement that they consider me guilty. Well, George, answered Jim, I shall certainly try to do what I can for you as an old friend, but of course I cannot promise anything. The other eleven people on the jury look terribly strong-minded to me. George said that he would quite understand if Jim was not able to do anything for him, and thanked him warmly for agreeing to help. The trial went on, and at last the time came for the jury to decide whether George was guilty or not. It took them five hours, but in the end they found George guilty, with a strong recommendation for mercy. Of course, George was very pleased, but he did not have a chance to see Jim for some time after the trial. At last, however, Jim visited him in prison, and George thanked him warmly and asked him how he had managed to persuade the other members of the jury to recommend mercy. Well, George, Jim answered, as I thought, those eleven men were very difficult to persuade, but I managed it in the end by tiring them out. Do you know, those fools had all wanted to find you not guilty! | ||
| Hand out 6 | |||
| LIW8 | Learn by heart the poem At the mountainside
Fresh breeze and snowcapped peaks
sky inked with pale blue
the water at the lake is crystal clear
the green grass, cows silently chew
the little girl at the lowest hill
is seen plucking flowers
red, blue, yellow and purple
all seem to have some kind of power
the clouds are moving at snail's pace
and all seems so quiet and peaceful
everything is so mesmerizing
that away from it you cannot be pulled
| ||
| LIW 9 | Make up a video presentation Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today. | ||
| Hand out 7 | |||
| Office hours 4 | Make up a topic Home is where the heart isand retell it. | ||
| LIW 10 | Read the text Travelers talesand translate it. Christina Dodwell was born in Nigeria and has always loved travelling. She has been a traveler and travel writer since her mid-twenties. She has made journeys by horse around Africa, New Guinea and Turkey. She has also travelled by canoe, dog sledge and micro light in China, Kamchatka and West Africa, though she hasnt been to the poles. Christina once spent time with cannibals but doesnt worry about danger. She never shows fear and when she thinks there could be trouble, she says, My husband is a policeman. Hes waiting for me in the next village. Christina lives with her husband on a farm surrounded by horses and cattle. She works for a charity that she set up to help the Third World and she often makes TV and radio programmes. She is now working on a programme for BBC radio about indigenous culture in Ethiopia. Her books have been translated into several languages. Benedict Allen is an experienced explorer who has visited remote natural environments all over the world. He has lived with the Amazon Indians, with a tribe in New Guinea and with Aborigines in Australia. He has crossed the Amazon forest with no map or compass, walked across the mountains of New Guinea and canoed from New Guinea to Australia. He has also made journeys across the Gobi and Namib deserts on foot and by camel and trekked across the Arctic. He has been lost in the jungle more than once and survived by copying the local tribes and eating plants. Benedict doesnt like travelling with people and he usually makes films of his journeys without a film crew. He doesnt get lonely because he makes friends wherever he goes, even of his camels! He also talks to his to his video camera. Its getting hot out here. Hotter than Ive ever been, he said on his trip in Namibia when temperatures reached 50o C. Benedict has worked for the BBC for years and has made several television series. He has also written nine books. His TV programmes and books have made him very popular in the UK. He isnt travelling at the moment but is promoting his latest book, Icedogs, about 1,000-mile trek through Siberia. | ||
| Hand out 8 | |||
| LIW 11 | Learn by heart the poem You Were There by Emily Robinson
When tears fell from my eyes
You were there to brush them away
When I was lost in confusion
You were there to say that everything would be okay
When I stood before you falling apart
You were there to lend your heart
When I felt like no one could understand
You were there to take my hand
When no one else was left to care
You were there
| ||
| LIW 12 | Make up a video presentation Different nationalities-different manners | ||
| Hand out 9 | |||
| Office hours 5 | Make up a topic Appearance is deceptive and retell it | ||
| LIW 13 | Read the text Judging by appearancesand translate it.
Laura Day, policewoman, Soho, London
When people first meet me they think I might be a teacher or a hairdresser. When I'm not wearing my uniform, they never believe me that I'm a policewoman. When I tell people what I do, the typical reaction is, 'You can't be a policewoman, you're too small!' I'm only 5 feet 4 inches * tall. People always think that policewoman are big and masculine. Often people only believe me when I show them my police identity card.
*=1.6 metres
Sam Roddick, daughter of Anita Roddick (the millionaire founder of Body Shop)
When I introduce myself to people and say my name they often say,  Oh you must be the Body Shop woman's daughter.' Later they can't remember my name. I'm very proud of my mother but I would never say, 'My mum's Anita Roddick'. I don't know if I am very different from the typical 'rich kid' because I don't know any. My friends never mention my background or money and neither do I.
Thea Callan, managing director of Nails Inc. (the biggest UK chain of nail bars*)
People often ask me who my boss is. They think, 'She can't be the managing director - she's a woman'. They're expecting to see an older man in a suit. Or when people speak to me on the phone and hear that I am a woman then they think that I must be a 50-year-old woman who wears trouser suits and is very unfeminine. They're very surprised when they see me - I'm not like that at all. In the office I just wear jeans and trainers.
*=salons where you can have manicures and pedicures
| ||
| Hand out 10 | |||
| LIW 14 | Learn by heart the poem My Sister
To me you are an angel in disguise.
Full of intuition, intelligent and wise.
Always giving and helping through good times and bad times.
You are the best friend I've ever had.
If I had one wish it would surely be
to give you as much you've given me
Though I've put our relationship through some cloudy days,
you've been my sunshine in so many ways.
Though trials and tests, right by me you stood,
and gave me your hand whenever you could.
Thank you so much my sister, my friend
My gratitude for you has no end....
by ZhaiDueñas
| ||
| LIW 15 | Make up a video presentation The most exciting book I have ever read | ||
| Hand out 11 | |||
| Office hours 6 | Make up a topic Knowledge itself is a power and retell it | ||
| LIW 16 | Read the text The open windowand translate it. My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel, said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; in the meantime you must try and put up with me. Framton Nuttel endeavored to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing. I know how it will be, his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice. Framton wondered whether Mrs.Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction, came into the nice division. Do you know many of the people round here? asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion. Hardly a soul, said Framton. My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know, some four years ago, and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here. He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret. Then you know practically nothing about my aunt? pursued the self-possessed young lady. Only her name and address, admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappelton was in the married or widowed state. An indefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation. Her great tragedy happened just three years ago, said the child; that would be since your sisters time. Her tragedy? asked Framton; somehow in this restful country spot tragedies seemed out of place. You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon, said the niece, indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn. It is quite warm for the time of the year, said Framton; but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy? | ||
| Hand out 12 | |||
| LIW 17 | Learn by heart the poem A Gift Of Friendship by Sasha
Happy Birthday to my very best friend,
Your special day has come by again.
We had so much fun last time around,
A younger sister was someone I found.
Each year March 4th is a wonderful day,
As we march forth in our own fun way.
Just hanging around and laughing a lot,
It is truly amazing what we have got.
A friendship like ours is not easy to come by,
Often the intensity of it makes me so high.
Is our beautiful friendship really only a dream?
Sometimes it feels so unreal that I must scream.
Cries of joy and happiness galore,
And that is what I most adore.
Your infectious laughter and zest for life,
But I am there to keep you from strife.
| ||
| LIW 18 | Make up a video presentation My dream house. | ||
| Hand out 13 | |||
| Office hours 7 | Make up a topic A friend in need is a friend indeed and retell it. | ||
| LIW 19 | Read the text A Mysteryand translate it. Something is very wrong, says the detective. I know! says Ms. Gervis. It is wrong that someone has stolen from me! The detective looks around Ms. Gervis apartment. That is not what I am talking about, maam. What is wrong is that I do not understand how the robber got in and out. Ms. Gervis and the detective stand in silence. Ms. Gervis eyes are full of tears. Her hands are shaking. The robber did not come through the window, says the detective. These windows have not been opened or shut in months. The detective looks at the fireplace. The robber did not squeeze down here. The detective walks to the front door. He examines the latch. And since there are no marks or scratches, the robber definitely did not try to break the lock. I have no idea how he did it, says a bothered Ms. Gervis. It is a big mystery. And you say the robber stole nothing else? asks the detective. No money, no jewelry, no crystal? Thats right, detective. He took only what was important to me, Ms. Gervis says with a sigh. There is only one thing I can do now. And what is that? the detective asks with surprise. I will stop baking cakes, Ms. Gervis says. They are mine to give away. They are not for someone to steal. You cant do that! says the detective with alarm. Who will bake those delicious cakes? I am sorry. I do not know, says Ms. Gervis. I must solve this case immediately! says the detective. | ||
| Hand out 14 | |||
| LIW 20 | Learn by heart the poem Growing Up With Grandma by Candy Canan
I don't know when it happened.
I don't know when she came,
But, she's the one I always knew,
Grandma was her name.
She taught me how to tie my shoes.
She taught me how to talk.
And, though I can't remember,
I think she taught me how to walk.
When all the other kids in school
Would talk about Mom and Dad,
I wondered where my parents were,
That made me kinda sad.
And, sometimes there were days I'd cry
Or hide my head in shame.
But Grandma took it all in stride,
And loved me all the same.
She'd wrap her arms around me,
And kiss me on the head.
She'd tell me that she loved me
When she tucked me into bed.
| ||
| LIW 21 | Make a video presentation Practice makes perfect | ||
| Hand out 15 | |||
| Office hours 8 | Make up a topic Women are from Venus, men are from Mars and retell it | ||
| LIW 22 | Write a congratulation on Womens day using a model. p.175 | ||
| Hand out 16 | |||
| LIW 23 | Make a video presentation What type of person should be a candidate who applies for job | ||
| LIW 24 | Read the text Great Jobs for Detail-Oriented Peopleand translate it. Many job listings say detail-oriented is a necessary skill, but some jobs require more attention to detail than others. Some careers that are good for detail-oriented people include those in the health care industry such as dentists, lab technicians, pharmacists and surgeons; those in financial services, such as accountant or actuary; and those that create complex structures, such as architects or engineers. With the advent of blogs and social media there has come to be a general acceptance of sloppy, less-than-professional writing that has not only weakened content overall, but made strong, consistent, powerful writing -- that which can only be performed by the highly detail-oriented is an art form, Terach explains. Speeches, print and Web brochures, job aids, technical documentation, presentations and website and intranet copy need to be written by those who are not only quick with the pen, but can also manage content (oftentimes using software), making it usable, consistent and easy to access. The detail orientation is necessary for formulating strategy, and putting the plan in motion requires a person comfortable with risk. And fine craftsmen pay attention to detail like quality assurance employees, Ashraf says. However, its a myth that creative roles do not require attention to detail. In fact from visual merchandising in retail, to graphic design, attention to detail is a defining criterion of finding a good professional. | ||
| Hand out 17 | |||
| Office hours 9 | Make up a topic Fairy tale from my childhood and retell it | ||
| LIW 25 | Read the text The origin of fairy talesand translate it. Many times the question, What is a fairy tale? has been asked. One has said: The fairy tale is a poetic presentation of a spiritual truth. George MacDonald has answered: Undine is a fairy tale. Mr. G. K. Chesterton has said: A fairy tale is a tale told in a morbid age to the only remaining sane person, a child. A legend is a fairy tale told to men when men were sane. Some, scorning to reply, have treated the question as one similar to, What poem do you consider best in the English language? As there are many tales included here which do not contain a fairy, fairy tales here are taken to include tales which contain something fairy or extraordinary, the magic or the marvelous--fairies, elves, or trolls, speaking animals, trees, or a talkative Tin Soldier. The Myth proper and the Fable are both excluded here, while the pourquois tale, a myth development, and the Beast tale, a short-story fable development, are both included. The origin of the word fairy, as given by Thomas Keightley in his Fairy Mythology, and later in the Appendix of his Tales and Popular Fictions, is the Latin fatum, to enchant. The word was derived directly from the French form of the root. | ||
| Hand out 18 | |||
| LIW 26 | Prepare a report Natural world of Kazakhstan | ||
| LIW 27 | Read the text Goods move. People move. Ideas move. And cultures change and translate it. By Erla Zwingle Once I start looking for them, I realise these moments are everywhere. One day, Im sitting in a coffee shop in London having a cup of Italian espresso served by an Algerian waiter, listening to the Beach Boys playing in the background. Another day, Im eating in a restaurant in New Delhi that serves Lebanese food to the music of a Filipino band, in rooms decorated with a vintage poster for a blues concert in New Orleans. These are globalisation moments. We are in the middle of a worldwide change in cultures a transformation of entertainment, business and politics. Popular culture has crossed borders in ways we have never seen before. According to social scientists, our world is shrinking. In Japan, people have become fanatics of flamenco and there are hundreds of dance schools around the country. In the last few years, dozens of top Spanish flamenco artists have given performances there. Its a huge and growing market. Meanwhile, in Denmark people have discovered a new interest in Italian food, and pasta imports have grown fivefold over the last decade. And the classic American blonde Barbie doll now comes in about 30 national varieties, including new additions this year of Austrian and Moroccan. How do people feel about globalisation? It depends to a large extent on where they live and how much money theyve got. However, globalisation, as one report has stated, is a reality, not a choice. Humans have always developed commercial and cultural connections, but these days computers, the Internet, mobile phones, cable TV and cheaper air transport have accelerated and complicated these connections. Nevertheless, the basic dynamic is the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas move. And cultures change. The difference now is the speed and extent of these changes. Television had 50 million users after thirteen years; the Internet had the same number after only five years. But now that more than one fifth of all the people in the world speak at least some English, critics of globalisation say that we are one big McWorld. | ||
| Hand out 19 | |||
| Office hours 10 | Make up a topic Is it difficult to be an icon? and retell it. | ||
| LIW 28 | Learn by heart the poem Time FlewSo Quickly by Judy
We cant begin to tell you
Just how loved you are
We cant believe how time has flown
And how youve come so far
Forgive us when we stop and stare
And tears fall from our eyes
Time flew by so quickly
Sure took us by surprise
We asked you to stay little
To always be our baby
You said, Ill try to if I can,
but, Ill have to grow up...maybe.
| ||
| Hand out 20 | |||
| LIW 29 | Learn by heart the poem Friend by Margery Wang
I still remember the first day we met
We were too shy to say much at all
It's funny to think back to that time
Because now we're having a ball!
They say that true friendship is rare
An adage that I believe to be true
Genuine friendship is something that I cherish
I am so lucky to have met you.
Our bond is extremely special
It is unique in it's own way
We have something irreplaceable
I love you more and more each day.
We've been through so much together
In so little time we've shared
I will never forget all the moments
that you've shown me how much you cared.
| ||
| LIW 30 | Write a debt agreement contract using a model.p. 180 | ||
| Hand out 21 | |||
| Office hours 11 | Make up a topic Customs and traditions in my countryand retell it. Using texts on p.173 | ||
| LIW 31 | Write a condolence using a model.p.176 | ||
| Hand out 22 | |||
| LIW 32 | Prepare a report Natural disasters | ||
| LIW 33 | Write a resignation letter using a model. | ||
| Hand out 23 | |||
| Office hours 12 | Make up a topic A man is judged by his deeds not by his wordsand retell it | ||
| LIW 34 | Read the text The dream and translate it. It chanced that in August 1917 the work upon which I was engaged obliged me to go from New York to Petrograd, and I was instructed for safetys sake to travel by way of Vladivostok. I landed there in the morning and passed an idle day as best I could. The trans-Siberian train was due to start, so far as I remember, at about nine in the evening. I dined at the station restaurant by myself. It was crowded and I shared a small table with a man whose appearance entertained me. He was a Russian, a tall fellow, but amazingly stout, and he had so vast a paunch that he was obliged to sit well away from the table. His hands, small for his size, were buried in rolls of fat. His hair, long, dark, and thin, was brushed carefully across his crown in order to conceal his baldness, and his huge sallow face, with its enormous double chin, clean-shaven, gave you an impression of indecent nakedness. His nose was small, a funny little button upon that mass of flesh: and his black shining eyes were small too. But he had a large, red, and sensual mouth. He was dressed neatly enough in a black suit. It was worn but shabby; it looked as if it had been neither pressed nor brushed since he had it. The service was bad and it was almost impossible to attract the attention of a waiter. We soon got into conversation. The Russian spoke good and fluent English. His accent was marked but not tiresome. He asked me many questions about myself and my plans, which my occupation at the time making caution necessary I answered with a show of frankness but with dissimulation. I told him I was a journalist. He asked me whether I wrote fiction and when I confessed that in my leisure moments I did, he began to talk of the later Russian novelists. He spoke intelligently. It was plain that he was a man of education. | ||
| Hand out 24 | |||
| LIW 35 | Prepare a report Famous fashion designers. Do clothes make the man | ||
| LIW 36 | Le arn by heart the poem Snow Day by Sam D.
Snow is falling to the ground Piling up in enormous mounds School is cancelled for the day Children run outside to play Snowballs are thrown in the air No one has any care About school-only fun Because the day is a snowy one Snowmen are stacked very high Their top hats almost skim the sky To make them round they must pat Then finish off with mittens and hat As the weather gets cold The children are told To come inside and eat Hot chocolate with a couple treats
| ||
| Hand out 25 | |||
| Office hours 13 | Make up a topic The person who inspires me moreand retell it | ||
| LIW 37 | Write a power of attorney using a model.p.181 | ||
| Hand out 26 | |||
| LIW 38 | Read the text Oh, what a carry on!and translate it They are wonderful things for other people to go on, Jean Kerr, an American dramatist once quipped. Flying has become safer, faster and cheaper but I seem ever more stressful. One frequent cause is the noise that children, especially bored once, inflict on other travelers. A year ago one magazine proposed that all planes should have child-free zones, just like no-smoking zones; children (and parents) should be confined to the back of the plane. As yet, sadly, no airline seems to agree that children should be screened and not heard. Undeterred, we would like to raise another cause of what economists call a negative externality. i.e. something which is nice for you but imposes costs on others. This is excessive carry-on luggage. In America six out of ten passengers now take a suitcase on to a flight rather than check it in, three times as many as in 1990. The result is delay, because flights take no longer to board. Passengers trying to squeeze 3-foot suitcases into 2-foot bins hold up people trying to board behind them. Some travelers have tried to take refrigerators, television sets and even a stuffed moose-head on board. The problems of both children and luggage could be solved in one stroke by putting the children in the hold, to make more space for carry-on luggage. But that we concede, might be unacceptable. Instead, to reduce delays, most airlines are rightly imposing stricter limits on the size or weight of bags that can be carried on to planes. This has provoked outrage as passengers are forcibly separated from their belongings at check-in. Understandably: if you put luggage in the hold, you have to wait ages for it at the other end if it shows up at all. Once you have experienced the nightmare of waiting at the luggage carousel until it stops, with no sign of the suitcase you checked in, it is clear why people prefer to plug their cases on board. You took a flight from London to Tokyo; your luggage and your smart clothes decided to hop on to one to Los Angeles. Not an externality but certainly negative. In America only 0.5% of bags go missing, but if you are a frequent traveler, that risk is too high. A survey of 150 frequent fliers found that two-thirds had experienced some sort of delay or loss to their luggage in the previous 12 months. And, if luggage remains lost, your likely compensation is paltry- a maximum of $1,250 regardless of whether your clothes were bought at Wal-Mart or Armani. If airlines are to restrict carry-ons, therefore, they also need to offer better compensation for delayed or lost luggage. At the least they should extend frequent-flier miles to luggage as well as its owner: if your luggage travels to Tokyo via Los Angeles, you should get triple frequent- flier miles. In addition, passengers could be made to pay if they want to take extra luggage on board. Better still, given the frequent correlation between the size of the traveler and the weight of his (yes, bis) carry- on, why not take a tip from Papua New Guinea? When flying within the country, a passenger used to be weighed along with his luggage before boarding the plane. Fight the flab and you can bring your bag on board. Aero planes and diets would then indeed be closely connected. | ||
| LIW 39 | Male up a video presentation Habit is a second nature. | ||
| Hand out 27 | |||
| Office hours 14 | Make up a topic Better late than neverand retell it. | ||
| LIW 40 | Make up a video presentation Influence of Mass Media on our life. | ||
| Hand out 28 | |||
| LIW 41 | Read the text Anna finds an apartment and translate it. Ana, her husband Mario, and their four-year-old son, Antonio, just moved to North Carolina. They need a temporary place to call home until they get settled into their new surroundings. Right now, they are staying in a hotel not far from Marios job. Ana begins a search for an apartment for the family to live in. First, Ana picks up an Apartment Book at the local newspaper stand. The Apartment Book contains listings of all the major apartment complexes in her area. Ana starts by looking at the prices for apartments in the Apartment Book. Then, she reads about the amenities that each apartment complex offers. For example, some apartments have a clubhouse. Some have a gym, which is also called a fitness center. Some have a pool. Some have all of these! Ana notices that the more amenities an apartment complex has, the more it costs each month. She wants the familys new apartment to be nice, but she does not want to spend too much money on it. Ana and Mario are trying to save money to buy a house. After considering prices, amenities, and locations, Ana finds several apartment complexes that she thinks the family will like. Ana calls the apartment complexes. She sets up appointments with the apartment managers to see the apartments she thinks are interesting. Ana makes five phone calls in total. When Mario gets back to the hotel from work, Ana shows him the list of apartments. These look good, he says. The next day, while Mario is at work and Antonio is at childcare, Ana visits the apartment complexes. She likes the fifth one the best. It is in a good school district. It has a pool, but no fitness center or clubhouse. It is near Marios job. Ana hopes to find a job nearby, as well. When Ana gets back to the hotel, she discusses all that she has seen with Mario. They decide to rent the last apartment Ana saw. The next day, Ana calls the manager of the apartment complex with the news. The manager asks Ana and Mario to sign a lease and pay a security deposit. If the family damages the apartment in any way while they are living there, the security deposit will help to pay for the cost of repairs. Ana and Mario sign a lease and pay the money. They will move in next week. | ||
| LIW 42 | Prepare a report Modern technology nowadays. | ||
| Hand out 29 | |||
| Office hours 15 | Make up a topic Should students choose teachers or not?and retell it. | ||
| LIW 43 | Read the text Canopy of nature and translate it. Dad decided last Sunday that we should all go on a camping trip. He read an article in the Sunday paper about camping and how it brings families together under the canopy of nature. Overrated, I joked. What about the canopy of television or the canopy of restaurant food? This will be good for us, Dad said, sliding the magazine across the coffee table. Lets go next week-end. I shot a quick look over at my little brother, Paul. He gave me a slow eyebrow raise which meant, This will probably not go off completely as planned. My smile back said, But it will surely be fun. I started to think back. Once Dad decided we should all learn how to canoe. We borrowed two canoes from our friends, hoisted them on the van and drove for three hours to a secluded lake in Virginia. Once we got there, we discovered that we had forgotten the paddles. Paul and I got in a canoe with Dad, and our two younger sisters got in a canoe with Mom. We floated aimlessly around the lake for hours. Then we all jumped in with our life jackets on. We pushed the canoes back to shore. It was a fantastic trip. Another time, Dad decided we should all learn how to ski. All of us hate the cold so we spent the week-end huddled by the fire, drinking hot cocoa in the ski lodge and playing board games. It was great. We had a blast. When I stopped daydreaming, Mom was saying, Sweetheart, we dont have a tent. We dont need one! Dad said happily. Well take all the seats out the van when we get to the campsite and put in an air mattress. I don't know what the punch line will be on this excursion, but I am sure with Mom, Dad and the four of us kids scrunched in a van at some national park, we are bound to have a good time. | ||
| Hand out 30 | |||
| LIW 44 | Prepare a report Great poets and writers of my country | ||
| LIW 45 | Read the text Best man tried to kill us bothand translate it. HORRIFIED wedding guests saw a best man plunge naked to his death from a Mexican hotel after he yelled at his girlfriend during a row: We are both going over the balcony. Fiancée Lisa Miller told police how Adrian Fletcher, 34, struggled in vain to throw her to her doom, then leapt 150ft himself. Shocked witnesses described him swallow diving off the top floor of the 14-storey hotel. One member of the 22-strong wedding party which had flown out to the resort of Cancun from Manchester said: It was awful. We were in the bar when someone said there was a commotion going on. I went outside and looked up to see Adrian plunging to the ground. Lisa, 33, was to have been chief bridesmaid at the wedding of pals John Rourke and Lisa Cooksey. Police said: During the argument, the man said, We are both going to die together. She managed to fight him off. But he extended his arms and threw himself off. Cops held Lisa for questioning over Thursdays horror at the five-star RIU Hotel but confirmed she was only a witness. She was freed after members of the wedding party paid £500 bail. One guest insisted: Lisa is completely innocent. She didnt push him. The couple had themselves been planning to wed. Lisa, who suffered a bruised and scratched face, was last night said to be shattered. The bride and groom were considering scrapping their wedding next Friday. Their children aged 14, five and three were among the wedding party from the Bolton area. Mobile phone salesman Adrian was from the village of Little Lever, where his distraught parents Howard and Doloris were being comforted. Childhood friend Fiona Clinch, 34, said: He and Lisa had their arguments like anyone else but she is a lovely girl. The landlord of the Hardy Hall, a working mens club where Adrian was a regular, said: His friends have started to gather here. The mood is one of utter sadness. | ||
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Kuda tusu
The matchmaking. It's an obligatory, remembered, existed since ancient times tradition of Kazakh nation.
A boy's father with close relatives goes to seek the hand of a girl (matchmakers may go without the boy's father). The procedure of matchmaking was rather complicated and entertaining. The arrival of matchmakers is called 'kuda tuser'.
A girl's father, advised on matchmakers' visit beforehand, next notifies his relatives and friends. Matchmakers are received solemnly. After the girl's father gives his consent, the both parties give each other presents required by the tradition: kudaattanar, kudatartu, at bailar, kuiryk-bauyr, etc. The head representative of the matchmakers is called 'bas kuda' (bas means head, leading), and the fiance's and fiancee's fathers are called bauyzdaukuda, i.e. the closest.
Bas kuda (the head matchmaker) traditionally takes care of a girl after the wedding too. She will call him agateke (uncle), and he will be always responsible for her. His daughter-in-law respects him ah of her life.
Kuda tusu is a mostly honored and significant toi (feast, holiday), bearing the specific color of this national tradition.
Kelin tusiru
Kelin tusiru (kelin daughter-in-law, tusiru here, to welcome) is the bride's arrival to her bridegroom's home. For Kazakh people the cherished dream, the biggest joy and the greatest toi is 'kelintusiru'. Whole aul gets ready for this celebration. The bride must not be brought straight to the threshold of the house. Traditionahy, she is left with her 'zhenge' at the considerable distance from aul. Girls and newly-made wives meet the bride and, disguising her face, bring her into the house and seat her behind 'shymyldyk' (curtain, portiere) together with other girls. The threshold must be stepped over by the right foot. The receiving party strews everybody with shashuand congratulate them. The bride is accompanied with her mother, sisters, and zhenges. All her parents and friends are invited to aul; the feast with foods and various kinds of entertainment (singers' competitions, games, etc.) is organized. But everybody is very anxious to see the future 'kelin' (daughter-in-law). Once all the guests are gathered, the bride is solemnly brought out in her rich wedding outfit, her face covered with the veil (shawl), and a singer, master of improvisations, begins to sing 'betashar'.
Shanyrak koteru
'Shanyrak koteru' (shanyrak means the grate of yurta's dome center, koteru means to lift up). Shanyrak is a family relic the keeper of hearth, symbol of new generations. The lifting-up of the new family's shanyrak, while separating from the father's hearth is one more beautiful custom. The writer-ethnographer Akhmet Zhunusov wrote about this tradition: ...Kazakh's young family's 'shanyrak' may lift up only the old son-in-law, having many children. To fulfil this custom, the son-in-law is brought specially. For a big yurta (otau) the son-in-law sitting on horse's back lifts shanyrak up with the pole. He is the respected man, and the older he is the dearer and the more authoritative he is to his wife's relatives. The old son's-in-law arrival is a joy for all aul citizens, both adults and children, men and women may kid around with him.
