, , :
The sun attracts the planets. .
Pushkin wrote Poltava in 1828. 1828 .
, , :
The planets are attracted by the sun.
Poltava was written by Pushkin in 1828.
.
1828 .
, . .
̨
to be (Past Participle, ) . , to be, - Past Participle. , , , , to be:
| Simple | Continuous | Perfect | |
| Present | I am invited. | I am being invited. | I have been invited. |
| Past | I was invited. | I was being invited. | I had been invited. |
| Future | I will be invited. | I will have been invited. | |
| Future in the Past | I would be invited. | I would have been invited. |
Continuous: Present Continuous Past Continuous; Future Continuous . Prefect Continuous.
: Am I invited? (have been, will have been . .), : Have I been invited? Will I have been invited?
not : I am not invited. (have been, will have been ..), not : I have not been invited. I will not have been invited.
, , , , , :
Popov invented the radio in 1895.
1895 .
The radio was invented by Popov in 1895.
1895 .
:
|
|
|
) (the radio) ;
) (invented) (was invented);
) (Popov) by, ( ? ?).
by :
This bridge was built in 1946. 1946
2. with , :
The paper was cut with a knife. .
3. , can (could), may (might), should, ought, to have, to be , :
We must finish our work as soon as possible.
.
You can buy this book in any bookshop.
.
You ought to translate this article at once.
.
Our work must be finished as soon as possible.
.
This book can be bought in any bookshop.
.
This article ought to be translated at once.
.
, :
Present Simple
We use cranes for lifting heavy weights.
.
Cranes are used for lifting heavy weights.
.
Past Simple
The customs officers examined our luggage yesterday.
.
Our luggage was examined by the customs officers yesterday.
.
Future Simple
They will build the bridge next year.
.
The bridge will be build next year.
.
Future Simple in the Past
He said that they would build the bridge next year.
, .
He said that the bridge would be build next year.
, .
Present Continuous
They are discussing this question at the meeting.
().
This question is being discussed at the meeting.
().
Past Continuous
They were discussing this question when I entered the room.
, .
This question was being discussed when I entered the room.
, .
|
|
|
Present Perfect
The typist has just typed the letter.
.
The letter has just been typed.
.
Past Perfect
She showed me the article, which her brother had translated.
, .
She showed me the article, which had been t ranslated by her brother.
, .
Future Perfect
I will have translated the article by six oclock.
() .
The article will have been translated by 6 oclock.
() .
Exercises
.
a) She has been hired by the company.
b) Moscow University was founded by Lomonosov.
c) I am sure you will be promoted soon.
d) He understood that he was being watched.
e) This man is very much talked about.
f) I was taught music and singing at school.
g) He is very foolish and is often laughed at.
h) The doctor was sent for half an hour ago.
i) The film is much spoken about because it is full of action.
