Some, any, much, many, (a) few, (a) little
Some и any переводятся «немного, несколько». Но чаще всего они совсем не переводятся в русском предложении. Они указывают на небольшое количество чего-то. Эти слова употребляются с исчисляемыми и с неисчисляемыми существительными.
— Some употребляется в утвердительных предложениях:
I have some work for you.
— Some употребляется в утверждениях, предложениях, просьбах:
Give me some milk, please.
Shall I buy some juce?
Give me some water, please.
— Any используется в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях, его можно перевести «какой-либо, какой-то»:
Do you have any questions?
I don't hear any sounds.
Much и many переводятся как «много» и указывают на большое количество чего-либо.
— Much употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными (которые мы не можем посчитать):
Much juce, much sugar (мы не можем посчитать сок, так как это жидкость, сок можно посчитать только в стаканах; сахар мы тоже не можем посчитать, так как его по крупинкам никто считать не будет).
— Many употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными.
Many cookies, many cats, many men.
Few и little означают «мало».
— Little употребляем с неисчисляемыми существительными (которые нельзя посчитать):
We have little water left.
— Few — с исчисляемыми существительными:
Few people understand me.
Exercises
Дополните предложения подходящим словом.
a) She hasn’t got ______________ friends. (some / any)
b) I didn’t do ______________ work today. (much / many)
c) She didn’t eat ______________ food. (much / many)
d) There aren’t ______________ trees in the garden. (much / many)
e) I haven’t read ______________ books. (many / much)
f) We have planted ______________ roses in the garden. (some / any)
g) Don’t waste ______________ time watching TV. (much / many)
h) She can speak ______________ languages. (much / many)
i) She hasn’t got ______________ cars. (some / any)
j) If you find ______________ strawberries, keep some for me. (any / some)
k) You can borrow ______________ book you like. (many / any)
Дополните предложения much, many, (a) little, (a) few.
a) There were very ______________ people at the concert. The hall was almost empty.
b) – Cream? Yes please. But only _______________ sugar. I don’t like my coffee too sweet.
c) There weren’t ______________ students at the university yesterday. Were they on strike?
d) _____________ people go there because they’ve opened some nice cafés.
e) We’ve got very ___________ eggs, so we can only make one small omelette.
f) - Did you read any books during your holiday? - Not ______________. I didn’t have __________ time to sit down and relax.
g) - How _______________ money have you got? - Only _________________.
h) It’s a small car. There is very ________________ room in it.
i) My brother is very popular. He’s got ______________ friends.
j) I must hurry. I’ve got very ______________ time.
3. Дополните предложения правильным вариантом: few/a few, little or a little.
a) Hurry! We’ve got ______________ time.
b) I saw Tom ______________ days ago.
c) If what you say is true, there is ______________ we can do about it.
d) I can’t let you use much of this perfume. There’s only ______________ in the bottle.
e) This town isn’t very well-known and there isn’t much to see, so ______________ tourists come here.
f) I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got ______________ patience with children.
g) “Would you like some more cake?” – “Yes, please, but only ______________.”
h) There are very ______________ scholarships for students in this university.
i) We didn’t have any money but Ann had ______________.
j) This is not the first time the car has broken down. It has happened ______________ times before.
k) There is a shortage of water because there has been very ______________ rain recently.
4. Дополните предложения одним из следующих слов: some | any | a little | a few | much | many
a) Not all the children went outside. ______________ of them stayed in the classroom.
b) I have to go to the supermarket. There isn’t ______________ coffee left.
c) How ______________ bottles of water do we need?
d) Would you like ______________ milk? Yes, please. Just ______________.
e) The land is not suitable for agriculture, so ______________ food is imported.
f) There are only ______________ students ready for the lesson.
g) How ______________ people live in this house?
h) Can you tell me ______________ about your life in London?
Местоимения something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody, somewhere, anywhere, nowhere
Эти местоимения образованы от местоимений some, no, any и подчиняются тем же грамматическим правилам.
| Утвердительные предложения | Отрицательные, вопросительные предложения | Отрицательные предложения |
| somebody кто-то | anybody кто-нибудь | nobody никто |
| something что-то | anything что-нибудь | nothing ничего |
| somewhere где-то | anywhere где-нибудь | nowhere нигде |
С местоимениями something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody употребляются глаголы 3 лица единственного числа.
There is somebody in the room. — В комнате кто-то есть.
There is something on the table. — На столе что-то есть.
Is there anybody in the room?— В комнате кто-то есть?
Is there anything on the table? — На столе что-то есть?
There is nobody in the room. — В комнате никого нет.
There is nothing on the table. — На столе ничего нет.
При наличии в предложении местоимений nothing, nobody, nowhere дополнительных отрицаний не требуется.
Nobody knows him. — Никто его не знает.
She has nothing in her bag. — У нее в сумке ничего нет.
I can't find him. Не isnowhere. — Я не могу его найти. Его нигде нет.
Exercises
1. Дополните предложения словами somebody / something / somewhere or anybody / anything / anywhere.
a) There is ______________ in the bathroom.
b) Did ______________ answer the telephone?
c) Come in. I have to tell you ______________.
d) Is there _____________ interesting to go to over the weekend?
e) _______________ took my car keys.
f) I didn’t say ______________ at the meeting.
g) For me a good place to go on vacation is _______________ by the sea.
h) She’s sure her children are hiding _______________ in the house.
i) I’m so hungry! I would eat ____________.
j) I can do it by myself. I don’t need ____________ to help me.
2. В следующих предложениях заполните пропуски одним из следующих слов: something/anything - somebody/anybody - somewhere/anywhere
a) She said ______________ but I didn't understand anything.
b) Has ______________ found my blue pencil? No, I'm sorry.
c) Would ______________ help me, please? Yes, I can help you.
d) Have you got ______________ to eat? No, I haven't.
e) Tom, can you give me ______________ to drink, please?
f) Is there ______________ in the house? No, it's deserted.
g) Do you know ______________ about London transport? No, I don't.
h) What's wrong? "There's ______________ in my eye."
i) Would you like ______________ to drink? Yes, please.
j) ______________ has broken the window. I don't know who.
k) He didn't say ______________.
l) I'm looking for my keys. Has ______________ seen them? No, I'm sorry.
m) Teach me ______________ exciting.
n) I didn't eat ______________ because I wasn't hungry.
o) Dad, can we go ______________ on Sunday? Yes, what about going to the zoo?
Present Simple
| Образование | Употребление | Временные выражения | ||||||
| Утвердительная | 1.Регулярно повторяющееся действие. E.g. I get up at 7 o’clock. 2. Постоянно неизменное действие (или действие, которое остаётся неизменным в течение долгого периода времени). E.g. Vegetarians don’t eatmeat. She worksin a bank. 3.Действие, происходящее в момент речи (с глаголами, которые не употребляются в Present Continues). E.g. I don’t understand this sentence. 4.Будущее действие в придаточных предложениях в решении реального условия. E.g. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. I will ring you when he comes back. 5. Будущее действие, которое произойдет по расписанию E.g. The train leaves at 17.40. | Every day, every other day, often, usually, as usual, seldom, rarely, always, never, sometimes, from time to time, as a rule, regularly, twice a week. Now, at the present moment If, when, until, before, after, as soon as unless, as long as. Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a day, tonight, next morning at 5 pm. | ||||||
| I We You They | live work | he she it | lives works | |||||
| Отрицательная форма | ||||||||
| I We You They | don’tlive work | |||||||
| He She It | doesn’tlive work | |||||||
| Отрицательная | ||||||||
| Where do | I we you they | live? | ||||||
| Where does | he she it | live? | ||||||
Exercises
