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34.1. -

() . , , Ζ (Ζ , ), 10-15 10-14 , . 10-10 , . , , . . Ζ .

, r. . , , :

= , (34.1)

m, υ r, ε 0 .

(34.1) : r υ. , , , . r, υ (, ) , . . , . . , . (34.1) , r ~10-10 - υ ~106 /, ~ 1022 /2. , . , , . , , - .

. .

(. . ) , , . .

. , :

ν = R (n =3, 4, 5,...), (34.2)

R =3,29×1015 -1 .

(34.2) , , , , .

.

:

ν= R (n =2, 3, 4, 5,...),

:

ν = R (n = 4, 5, 6,...),

ν = R (n = 5, 6, 7,...),

ν = R (n = 6, 7, 8,...),

 

ν = R (n = 7, 8, 9,...),

, :

ν = R , (34.3)

, = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ( ), + 1 ( ).

, .

. , . .

( ): ( ) , . , . .

, , ,

m υ rn = n (n = 1, 2, 3,) (34. 4)

m, , υ n - rn, =h/ 2 π.

( ): ()

hv = n -m (34.5)

( n m ()). m < n ( , . . ), m >n, ( , . . ). v = (n -m)/ h .

 

34.3.

, , , Z (, +, L2+), .

, .

n- :

rn = n2 , (34.6)

n = 1, 2, 3,.... (34.6) , .

(Z =1) =1, ,

r 1 = = = 52,8 , (34.7)

(mυ2/2) (-Ze2/4πε0r):

= (mυ 2 / 2) - (Ze2/ 4 πε 0 r) = -½(Ze 2 / 4 πε 0 r)

, (mυ 2 / 2) = ½(Ze 2 / 4 πε 0 r). n - (34.6), , :

n = - (n = 1,2,3,), (34.8)

, .

(34.8) , , . n (34.8), , . =1 () ; n>1 . , , () ; .

n , (Z = 1), (33.8), . n , n =∞. , , ( 1=-13,55) =1 ( =0) = ∞. , =0 ( ). , (Z= 1)

= n -m = - ,(34.9)

ν = = R ,(34.10)

R= .

R , , .

, , (34.10) m =1 =2, 3, 4,..., , (n =2, 3, 4,...) (m =1). , m = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 n , , , .

, , , .

, . . ( n=1), ( ).

( , , ). , : ? , .

 





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