34.1. -
() . , , Ζ (Ζ , ), 10-15 10-14 , . 10-10 , . , , . . Ζ .
, r. . , , :
= , (34.1)
m, υ r, ε 0 .
(34.1) : r υ. , , , . r, υ (, ) , . . , . . , . (34.1) , r ~10-10 - υ ~106 /, ~ 1022 /2. , . , , . , , - .
. .
(. . ) , , . .
. , :
ν = R (n =3, 4, 5,...), (34.2)
R =3,29×1015 -1 .
(34.2) , , , , .
.
:
ν= R (n =2, 3, 4, 5,...),
:
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ν = R (n = 4, 5, 6,...),
ν = R (n = 5, 6, 7,...),
ν = R (n = 6, 7, 8,...),
ν = R (n = 7, 8, 9,...),
, :
ν = R , (34.3)
, = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ( ), + 1 ( ).
, .
. , . .
( ): ( ) , . , . .
, , ,
m υ rn = n (n = 1, 2, 3,) (34. 4)
m, , υ n - rn, =h/ 2 π.
( ): ()
hv = n -m (34.5)
( n m ()). m < n ( , . . ), m >n, ( , . . ). v = (n -m)/ h .
34.3.
, , , Z (, +, L2+), .
, .
n- :
rn = n2 , (34.6)
n = 1, 2, 3,.... (34.6) , .
(Z =1) =1, ,
r 1 = = = 52,8 , (34.7)
(mυ2/2) (-Ze2/4πε0r):
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= (mυ 2 / 2) - (Ze2/ 4 πε 0 r) = -½(Ze 2 / 4 πε 0 r)
, (mυ 2 / 2) = ½(Ze 2 / 4 πε 0 r). n - (34.6), , :
n = - (n = 1,2,3,), (34.8)
, .
(34.8) , , . n (34.8), , . =1 () ; n>1 . , , () ; .
n , (Z = 1), (33.8), . n , n =∞. , , ( 1=-13,55) =1 (∞ =0) = ∞. , ∞ =0 ( ). , (Z= 1)
hν = n -m = - ,(34.9)
ν = = R ,(34.10)
R= .
R , , .
, , (34.10) m =1 =2, 3, 4,..., , (n =2, 3, 4,...) (m =1). , m = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 n , , , .
, , , .
, . . ( n=1), ( ).
( , , ). , : ? , .