, , .. . , . , 380 780 (1 = = 10-9). . . - , 555 .
, 400 760 , , . , 760 0,3 . , . 400 10 . . , .
( ) .
n = f (λ). (29.1)
.
(.29.1). n α 1. ( ) φ. : .29.1.
φ = (n -1), (29.2)
.. , . (n- 1), n- , , .. .
, , , .
D =dn/dλ, (29.3)
, , . ; , dn/dλ λ. . : n λ. n λ .
,
|
|
n = , (29.4)
ε , μ . μ ~1, n = . : n, , . n, , . . , .
, , ε ω .
ε =1+ /(ε 0 ), (29.5)
ε 0 , - , - .
n 2 =1+ /(ε 0 ), (29.6)
.. . , .. .
, , - .
. , ,
= , (29.7)
- , - .
= n 0, (29.8)
n 0 .
n 2 =1+ n 0/(ε 0 ). (29.9)
, .
( )
+ ω 02 x = (F 0/ m) s ωt = ( 0/ m) s ωt, (29.10)
F 0 = 0 , , ω 0 , m .
n 2 = ε ω-
:
= s ωt, (29.11)
= . (29.12)
(29.10) (29.11) (29.12).
n 2 = 1+ . (29.12)
ei, ω 0 i ,
n 2 = 1+ , (29.13)
mi i .
29.3.
, : V . . ( , , ).
|
|
. , , , . (, , ) .
, - , . , - ( ) , . , (, , ) , , ( ).
, , .
= , (29.14)
mx min , . mx = min =0, min =0 =1.
( ) ) .
, , . , , . - .
(.29.2). 1, '. 1 . 2 , , , a (.29.3) :
.29.3.
I = I 0s 2 a, (29.15)
I 0 I , . , ( ) a = π /2 ( ) a = 0 ( ).
. ( . ), .. . . . , ' ' . 1 , , 2 , . . .
1, , . 2, , . ( ).
(, ), , . (, ), , : ( ).
|
|
. . , i ( ),
tg i = n 21, (29.16)
( 21 ), ( , ) (.29.4). i .29.4.
, .