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FAQ

British English and American English

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British   American
Pronunciation
    [a:] a     [æ]
ask answer cant half class glass after example
  [ju:] ew   [u:]
new dew
  [É] o   [Λ]
hot not top
  r  
[ka:] [pÉ:t] [sistə] car port sister [ka:r] [pÉ:rt] [sistər]
  t  
[bətə] [siti] better city [bədər] [sidi]
[təma:tou] [figə] [∫edju:l] tomato figure schedule [təmeitou] [figjər] [skedju:l]
Words
attorney lawyer
autumn fall
bath bathtub
biscuit cookie
chips French fries
flat apartment
football soccer
form grade
fortnight two weeks
holiday / vacation
infants school kindergarten
lift elevator
lorry truck
main road highway
maize corn
mum mom/mommy
path/platform sidewalk
petrol gasoline
policeman cop
porridge oatmeal
postbox mailbox
postman mailman
public toilet restroom
queue line
return (ticket) / round trip
rubbish garbage/trash
secondary school high school
shop store
surname last name
sweets candy
tap faucet
taxi cab/Taxi
the cinema the movies
tin can
trainers/gym shoes sneakers
trousers pants
tube/Underground subway/Metro
university college/school
vest undershirt
waistcoat vest
Grammar
Ive lost my key. . I lost my key. Ive lost my key.
havea bath/have a shower / takea bath/takea shower
I will/shall be late this evening. . I will be late this evening.
We neednt hurry./We dont need to hurry. . We dont need to hurry.
to/in hospital to/in the hospital
at the weekend/at weekends / on the weekend/onweekends
ina street ona street
different from/differentto - different from
write tosomebody - write(to)somebody
get-got-got get-got-gotten
travel-travelling-travelled travel-traveling-traveled

 

Appendix 2

Spoken Etiquette

Formal Informal
Meeting, Greeting
Hello! Good morning/afternoon/ evening . (!) (, ). Hi/Hello! ! !
Let me/may I introduce myself. My name is . My name is/Im / ( ) .
Let me introduce you to/Id like you to meet Meet/This is ()
Pleased to meet you./Very nice to meet you. . Nice to meet you. .
How do you do? ! ( ) How are you?/How are you doing? ?/ ?
Saying Good-Bye
Id like to say good-bye. . Good-bye./Bye./Take care./So long. ././ ./.
Perhaps well meet again sometime. , . I hope to see you again soon. .
Im looking (I look forward) to seeing you again soon/next week, etc. / . See you later/tomorrow/next week, etc. (, ).
Please write me a letter sometime/ , -. Ill miss you./Ill think of you often. .
Please let me know how are you. , , . Write me a letter. Call me. Give me a call. Let me know how you are doing. . . , .
I will/I wont forget/I promise. / /. Ill call you (write you) when I get there. ( ), .
  Im off now, bye. See you! Have a good day! , . ! .
Gratitude
Thanks. Thank you. .
Thank you very much. Thank you (ever) so much. !
It was nice of you. .
I appreciate your help. .
I appreciate it. .
Im so grateful to you. .
Response
Youre welcome. !
Im glad I could help. . , .
Dont mention it. !
It was nothing. .
Not at all. !
Anytime. .
The pleasure was mine. .
Wishing Success
All the best! !
I wish you every success! !
Good luck! !
Break a leg! , !
Toasts
Cheers! !
Heres to you! !
Heres to our friendship! !
Apologies and excuses
I am very sorry. I beg your pardon. .
Excuse my disturbing you. , ( ).
Excuse my troubling you. , ().
Excuse my interrupting you. , .
After you. .
Sorry I kept you waiting. , .
I hope I didnt hurt you. .
I didnt mean to hurt you. .
Thats quite all right. .
Never mind. .
Forget it. .
No trouble at all. .
Agreement
I fully agree with you on this point. .
I quite fall in with you. .
My opinion is just the same. .
Disagreement
Im afraid I dont agree. I dont think I (quite) agree with you. , .
If Im not mistaken
I see your point but ,
Do you really mean that ,
Misunderstanding
Im afraid I didnt quite catch you. Will you repeat it again, please? , . ?
I didnt catch the last two words. Would you mind repeating them? . , .
There is not very much I have understood, to be quite frank. , .
Congratulations. Wishes.
Many happy returns of the day! Happy birthday! !
Happy new Year! !
Merry Christmas! !
May all your dreams come true! !
Get well soon! !
Expressing opinion
Fortunately
Frankly speaking
It seems to me
In my opinion
I think/I guess
Really! ! !
To begin with
Sure/Certainly. . .
To tell the truth
Encouraging
Come on! !
There is no need to worry. .
Stop worrying! .
Cheer up .
Take it easy. .
Pull yourself together. .
         

Appendix 3

Metric System

Units of length ¼

1 inch = 2,54 cm

12 inches = 1 foot = 0,3 m

3 feet = 1 yard = 0,9 m

1,76 yards = 1 mile = 1,6 km

 

Units of weight †

1 ounce = 28,35 g

16 ounces = 1 pound = 0,45 kg

 

Units of area F

1 square foot = 0,09 square meters

1 acre = 4047 square meters

 

Temperature á

Degrees Fahrenheit = (C´95) + 32

Degrees Celsius = (F - 32) ´ 59

 


Appendix 4

Verb-Aspect Chart

  Past Present Future
Simple : , : V2 (Ved) . .: did -: yesterday, last month, a year ago, in 1983 : We saw this film last week. Did we see this film last week? Whosaw this film last week? What did we see last week? : 1) , , ; 2) ( , , ); 3) Future Simple : V1 (Vs he, she, it) . .: do (does he, she, it) -: usually, often, always, sometimes, every day : 1) They usually visit us on Saturdays. 2) The train arrives at 6 p.m. 3) Ill go for a walk if the weather is fine. : , : will+V1; shall+V1 I, we . .: will (shall I, we) -: tomorrow, next week, in a day, in 2012 : She ll visit our country in a month. Will she visit our country? Who will visit our country? What will she visit? . : will not=wont Shall not=shant
Continuous (be+Ving) : like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, know, realise, understand, believe, see, hear, smell, taste, have. : : was, were+Ving . .: was, were -: when you came, at 2 p.m. yesterday : Mother was cooking the dinner when we came home. Was Mother cooking the dinner when we came? Whowas cooking the dinner when we came? What was Mother doing when we came? : 1) ; 2) , ; 3) ( ) : am, is, are+Ving . .: am, is, are -: now, at the moment : 1) It is raining now. 2) I m studying English. 3) We re leaving on Sunday. : : will be+Ving; shall be+Ving I, we . .: will (shall I, we) -: when you come, at 2 p.m. in a day... : Tomorrow at 4 a.m. I ll be flying to Japan. Who will be flying to Japan at 4 a.m. tomorrow? What time shall I be flying to Japan?  

 

 

Verb-Aspect Chart

 

Perfect (have+V3, Ved) : ( ) : had+V3(Ved) . .: had -: by 3 p.m. yesterday, when the film began : The students had left the class by the time the teacher came. Had the students left the class by the time the teacher came? : : have+V3(Ved); has+V3(Ved) he, she, it . .: have (has he, she, it) -: ever, never, just, already, yet, lately, recently : Ive never been to Belfast. Have you ever been to Belfast? Who has never been to Belfast? Where have you never been to? : : will have+V3(Ved); shall have+V3(Ved) I, we . .: will (shall I, we) -: by 5 p.m. tomorrow, by the end of the lesson : We ll have finished the test by the end of the lesson. Who will have finished the test by the end of the lesson.
Perfect Continuous (have been+Ving) : : had been+Ving; . .: had -: for the whole day till 11 p.m : He had been working in the library for 5 hours till it closed. Whohad been working in the library for 5 hours till it closed? : , : have been+Ving; has been+Ving he, she, it . .: have (has he, she, it) -: for 3 hours, since last year, from yesterday morning till today : I ve been going in for tennis since I was 4. Whohas been going in for tennis since he was 4? Where has he been going since he was 4? : : will have been+Ving; shall have been+Ving I, we . .: will (shall I, we) -: for12 hours by 6 p.m. : He will have been sleeping for 12 hours by 6. Whowill have been sleeping for 12 hours? What will he have been doing for 12 hours by 6 p.m.?

 

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