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CLASSIFICATION AND PRODUCTION OF METALS
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LESSON 1
METALS AND MEN
Read and learn the following words. Translate the examples.
century , (= age)
e.g. The 19-th century was the century of steam energy, the 20-th century is called the age of atomic energy.
metal
metallic
to conquer ,
to create ,
useful
machine , ,
mechanism
e.g. Metals helped men to conquer nature, to create useful machines and mechanisms.
to find (found, found) ,
wide
application (= use)
to possess (= to have) , ,
property
e.g. Metals find wide application because they possess a lot of useful properties.
to combine
strong ( )
strength
plastic
plasticity
e.g. Metals combine high strength and plasticity.
brittle ;
brittleness
stone
e.g. Stone is strong but brittle.
rubber ,
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e.g. Rubber is plastic, but not strong.
iron
copper
tin
lead
mercury
gold
silver
antimony
e.g. Ancient Romans knew only 8 metals: gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, mercury, antimony, iron.
to exclude
because ,
because of -
ductile
ductility (= forgeability)
e.g. The great Russian scientist Lomonosov excluded antimony and mercury from the list of metals because of their bad ductility.
characteristic
definition
to define
significance (= importance) ,
to comprise ,
luster
e.g. The first scientific definition given by M.V. Lomonosov comprises the two main characteristics of a metal: plasticity and metals luster.
element ()
to discover
Mendeleyev's Periodic Table
e.g. Mendeleyev's Periodic Tablewas discovered in 1869.
conductivity
electrical conductivity
heat conductivity
e.g. Metal also possess high electrical conductivity and heat conductivity.
to rise (= to increase) ,
to decrease
e.g. Electrical conductivity rises with the decrease of temperature.
engineering
pure metal
substance
alloy
compound ,
to consist of
e.g. Pure metals are seldom used in engineering. Most often metals are used in the form of alloys.
Alloy is a compound consisting of some elements. An alloy may consist of two or more metals.