| About Above After Along At Before Behind By Down For In On Out of To Under Up Within | To be about To bring about Above all Above measure Above suspicion After all The day after tomorrow Long/soon after Name after smb Come along Get along All along At the age of Not at all At all costs At dinner/lunch/tea At the expense of At the end At first At once At any rate At a time At a speed of At this/that/the same time At somebody’s disposal At home The day before Long before Be behind time Behind one’s back Be behind smb By accident/chance By heart By land/sea/air By means of By no means By the way Step by step By retail Six by eight meters By six meters Up and down Down to Upside down For ever/good For example/instance For ages For the time being To go for a walk In any case In conclusion In the direction of In exchange In fact In general In the meantime In part In ink/pencil In Russian/English In sight In stock In return On the average On business On board On condition that On the contrary On demand On the one/other hand On the part of On purpose On sale On the whole And so on Later on Be on Out of date Out of doors Out of necessity Out of pity Out of order Out of use To my disappointment/sorrow/ joy To the end To the right/left To and fro To the North/South Be under construction/repair Under the circumstances Under the agreement/contract Up to Up-to-date Be up The time is up What’s up? Within reach/sight/hearing Within three miles of | Собираться сделать ч-л Приводить к ч-л Главным образом Свыше меры Вне подозрений В конце концов Послезавтра Вскоре Назвать в честь к-л Идем-те Ладить С самого начала В возрасте Не совсем Любой ценой За обедом/ланчем... За счет к-л В конце Сначала Сразу же Во всяком случае За один раз Со скоростью В это/то/то же самое время В распоряжении к-л Дома Накануне Задолго до Опаздывать За спиной к-л Отставать от к-л Случайно Наизусть Сухопутным путем Посредством Ни в коем случае Между прочим Шаг за шагом В розницу 6 на 8 метров На 6 метров Взад и вперед Вплоть до Вверх дном Навсегда Например Целую вечность В настоящее время Идти на прогулку Во всяком случае В заключение В направлении В обмен В действительности Вообще Тем временем Частично Чернилами На русском языке В поле зрения На складе Взамен В среднем По делу На борту При условии, что Наоборот По требованию С одной/другой стороны Со стороны к-л Специально В продаже В общем И так далее Позже Идти (о фильме) Устарелый На улице По необходимости Из жалости В неисправности Вышедший из употребления К моему разочарованию/горю/радости До конца Направо/налево Взад-вперед На север/юг Строиться/ремонтироваться При этих обстоятельствах По соглашению/контракту Вплоть до Современный Проснуться Время истекло Что случилось, В пределах достижимости/ видимости/слышимости В трех милях от |
The Conjunction
It is a functional word indicating the connection between two notional words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Morphological composition.
According to their morphological structure conjunctions fall into the following types:
-simple conjunctions (and, or, but, till, after, that, so, where, when);
-derived conjunctions (until, unless, seeing, supposing, provided);
-compound conjunctions (whereas, wherever);
-composite conjunctions (as well as, in case, for fear, on condition that, on the ground that);
Several conjunctions form correlative pairs, though strictly speaking the first element is not a conjunction (both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also).
The Particle
It is a part of speech, the meaning of which is difficult to define. It either emphasizes or limits the meaning of another word, phrase and clause. Particles are invariable and have no syntactical function in the sentence. Particles may combine with any part of speech (E.g. Don’t worry-there is just Aunt Fanny. I should just think so). Particles generally stand before the word they refer to, but they may also follow it (E.g. This book is for advanced students only.). According to their meaning particles fall into six groups:
-intensifying particles: just, even, yet, still, all, simply (E.g. They even offered him to take it);
-limiting particles: only, merely, solely, but, alone (E.g. I only wanted to ask you the time);
-specifying particles: right, exactly, precisely, just (E.g. What exactly do you mean?);
-the additive particle else, it combines only with indefinite, interrogative and negative pronouns and adverbs (E.g. something else? Nobody else?)
-negative particle not (E.g. Not a word was said about it)
-connecting particles also and too (E.g. Were you at the film? I was also there).
Literature
- Alexander L.G. Longman English Grammar Practice.-Longman, 1995.
- Drozdova T.U. English Grammar Reference and Practice. St. Petersburg.: Anthology Publishers, 2007.
- Krylova I.P. An English Grammar Practice Book.-M.: Higher School Publishing House, 1978.
- Kaushanskaya V.L. A Grammar of the English Language.-M.: Publishing House, 2000.
- Romanova L.R. English Grammar in Practice.-M.: Iris Press Publishing House, 2006.
- Volkova E.I. English Article in Communication.-M.: Publishing House, 1974.
- Yastrebova M.I. English grammar.-M.: East-West Publishing House, 2005.
Grammar of Modern English
(Part I)
(For the first-year students of the Foreign Languages Department)
Educational supply
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