Australia is a federation of six states and two territories. Under the written Constitution, which came into force on I January 1901 when the colonies joined to form the Commonwealth of Australia, the Federal government is mainly responsible for the national economy and Reserve Bank, customs and excise, immigration, defence, foreign policy and the postal system. The state governments are chiefly responsible for health, education, housing, transport and justice. There are both federal and state police forces.
Australia has a parliamentary system of government based on that of the UK, and the state and federal structures are broadly similar. In Federal parliament, the lower house is the House of Representatives, the upper house is the Senate. The House of Representatives has 147 members, divided among the states on a population basis.
Elections for the House of Representatives are held at least every three years. The federal government is run by a prime minister, while the state governments are led by a premier and the Northern Territory - by a chief minister. The party holding the greatest number of lower house seats forms the government.
Australia is a monarchy, but although Britains king or queen is also Australias, Australia is fully autonomous. The British sovereign is represented by the governor-general and state governors, whose nominations for their posts by the respective governments are ratified by the monarch of the day.
Federal parliament is based in Canberra, the capital of the nation. Like Washington DC in the USA, Canberra is in its own separate, and is not under the rule of one of the states. The Constitution can only be changed by referendum, and only if a majority of voters in at least four states favour it. The Cabinet, presided over by the prime minister, is the governments major policy-making body, and it comprises about half of the full ministry.
In Federal parliament, the two main political groups are the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the coalition between the Liberal Party and National Party.
Behind a national flag is the history of the country it represents, the past and present of its people.
The Australian flag has the Britain flag in the top left-hand corner and shows the stars of the Southern cross in white on a blue field.
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1.1. , :
a) my, him, our, their, you;
b) my, his, our, their, your;
c) my, his, me, your, us.
1.2. :
1. He was so nervous. He could not say at the job interview.
(everything, nothing, anything, something)
2. Have you had enough to eat, or would you like something ?
(another, else, new, other)
1.3. :
1. Ive looked somewhere for my keys.________________________________
2. Im sure she is doing something properly.____________________________
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2.1. :
____________________ ____________________ ___________________
____________________ ____________________ ___________________
____________________ ____________________ ___________________
____________________ ____________________ ___________________
1. One of the earliest swimming competitions in Europe was held in 1515 in Venice.
2. In Russia sledging was always popular.
3. Among foreign swimmers the most famous was Mark Spitz of the USA.
4. The tracks are usually prepared in advance for better skiing.
2.2. , :
a) interesting, very nice, less beautiful, more wonderful;
b) interesting, nicer, little, bad;
c) interesting, very nice, little, bad.
2.3. , :
The sofa is heavier than the chair._____________________________________
This is the most shortest way to the stadium.____________________________
2.4. , , :
The price of gold is about $ 8,000 per kilo. The price of silver is about $ 150 per kilo (expensive).
________________________________________________________________
English has more than a hundred irregular verbs! Esperanto has no irregular verbs! (easy).
__________________________________________________________________
2.5. , :
What is . (common) word in the English language?
a) to; b) a; c) the.
3.1. , :
1. She has enough an experience for this job.
2. I must brush a hair.
3. This pianist had an interesting life.
4. I like a classical music very much.
3.2. :
1. The news were wonderful.
2. Lets go into this books shop.
3.3. :
1. Is there a sport club/ sports club near here?
2. SMS is a convenient mean/ means of communication.
3. Furniture is made of many different wood/woods.
4. Have you got the telephones book / telephone book.
3.4. :
city_________________ money __________________
tomato _________________ guy______________________
toy _________________ boss______________________
person_______________________ church____________________
monkey______________________ leaf_______________________
4.1. in, at, on, to :
1. I'll meet you the station.
2. The final examinations begin June 1st.
3. She is having a party next Sunday.
4. Whats the black spot the wall?
5. I was born January.
6. I can't work night.
4.2. :
1. The was born at June 6, 2006. _____________________________________
2. We played football in 2 hours._____________________________________
3. A ball was thrown in my window.__________________________________
4. Will you come on Mark's party?___________________________________
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4.3. , , :
1. We usually meet on the stadium.
2. I prefer books on the history.
3. Whats the easiest way to get in Moscow?
4. C comes to A and B in the alphabet.
4.4. :
1. We took a train Moscow (for, to, till, on).
2. Most people like to have their holidays summer (at, on, in, while).
3. Joe came to London two years (before, since, till, ago).
4. My parents have been living here 1999. (for, before, since, after).
