.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

(. (198.1)) , , .

. (183S1893), (1879), . , (1884), , , . ,

(199.1)

. . ; s : 5,67×10-8 /(2 ×4).

, Re , . rl,T l (. 287) , . , . , rl,T l , Re, , , , .

. 287

 

. (18641928), - , lmax, rl,T . ,

(199.2)

. . lmax, rl,T , , b ; 2,9×10-3 ×. (199.2) , rl,T ' . , (, ).

 

 

, rv,T . rv,T . . (18771946), , .

(200.1)

áeñ = kT v. , , (. 50), áeñ = kT.

, (200.1) . , (. 288). , , (. (199.1)) . , (200.1) (. (198.3))

Re . . , .

( ), :

rv1,T = Cv3Ae-Av/T

 

rv1,T , . , ,

, 1900 . . . , , . . . , , , (. (170.3)):

(200.2)

h= 6,625×10-34 × . , , e0:

áeñ kT. , ( 45),

 

,

(200.3)

. . 14 1900 . . .

 

, . . hv << kT( kT), (200.3) (200.1). , :

(200.3), ,

. . (200.1).

. (198.3) (200.3),

x = hv/(kT); dx = hdv/(kT);dv = kTdx/h. Re,

(200.4)

. , (. (199.1) (200.4)). , k, h , . (197.1) (200.3):

lmax, , , . , x = hc/(kTlmax),

=4,965. , hc/(kTlmax) = 4,965,

. . (. (199.2)).

, h, k , b. , b, k ( ).

, , , . , , . .

 

.

 

(, ). , , . . , , , .

1. , Re, (. (198.3)) RT(. (197.2)) . (199.1) :

. , . , (199.1) (198.2),

,

,

< 1, < , . . .

2. a. ( , )

AT = const < l. , , , , (. (199.2)). lmax, Rl,T ,

. . , (, ), . (T 6500 ) .

3. , , . .

(201.1)

. (. (198.1)), l

(201.2)

 

< 0, rl,T < rl,T , , < , .. .

. , (201.1). , . . . , .

l,T , . (200.3)

(201.2),

. . l,T l .

4. . , . . 1873 . . . 1876 .

, , , . , (, ), , , , , , . , , .

2450 , . 1,1 , . . ( 0,55 ). (, ) 50 3000 , . , - . , . . ... 5%.

 





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