(. (198.1)) , , .
. (183S1893), (1879), . , (1884), , , . ,
(199.1)
. . ; s : 5,67×10-8 /(2 ×4).
, Re , . rl,T l (. 287) , . , . , rl,T l , Re, , , , .
. 287
. (18641928), - , lmax, rl,T . ,
(199.2)
. . lmax, rl,T , , b ; 2,9×10-3 ×. (199.2) , rl,T ' . , (, ).
, rv,T . rv,T . . (18771946), , .
(200.1)
|
|
áeñ = kT v. , , (. 50), áeñ = kT.
, (200.1) . , (. 288). , , (. (199.1)) . , (200.1) (. (198.3))
Re . . , .
( ), :
rv1,T = Cv3Ae-Av/T
rv1,T , . , ,
, 1900 . . . , , . . . , , , (. (170.3)):
(200.2)
h= 6,625×10-34 × . , , e0:
áeñ kT. , ( 45),
,
(200.3)
. . 14 1900 . . .
, . . hv << kT( kT), (200.3) (200.1). , :
|
|
(200.3), ,
. . (200.1).
. (198.3) (200.3),
x = hv/(kT); dx = hdv/(kT);dv = kTdx/h. Re,
(200.4)
. , (. (199.1) (200.4)). , k, h , . (197.1) (200.3):
lmax, , , . , x = hc/(kTlmax),
=4,965. , hc/(kTlmax) = 4,965,
. . (. (199.2)).
, h, k , b. , b, k ( ).
, , , . , , . .
.
(, ). , , . . , , , .
1. , Re, (. (198.3)) RT(. (197.2)) . (199.1) :
. , . , (199.1) (198.2),
,
,
< 1, < , . . .
2. a. ( , )
AT = const < l. , , , , (. (199.2)). lmax, Rl,T ,
. . , (, ), . (T 6500 ) .
|
|
3. , , . .
(201.1)
. (. (198.1)), l
(201.2)
< 0, rl,T < rl,T , , < , .. .
. , (201.1). , . . . , .
l,T , . (200.3)
(201.2),
. . l,T l .
4. . , . . 1873 . . . 1876 .
, , , . , (, ), , , , , , . , , .
2450 , . 1,1 , . . ( 0,55 ). (, ) 50 3000 , . , - . , . . ... 5%.