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, . . ( . . (18461915), ). , , , .

, , , (. 220). , , x t, . . x = x(x, t).

. 220 , . , x=Q, x(0, t) = Acoswt, , , t = x/v, v . , ,

(154.1)

, x(, t) , . (154.1) . ,

, , ,

(154.2)

= const , w , j0 , t, [w(t - x/v) + j0] .

(154.3)

 

(154.3), (154.2)

(154.4)

, , (154.4) kx.

(140.7),

(. 140). , , . .

(154.5)

(154.5) w,

(154.6)

, v (154.6) , , .

, , , ,

(154.7)

. , , , 1/. (154.7) , ( ).

(154.3) ,

(154.8)

, , , , .

(154.9)

v , . (154.9) . , (154.9) , , (. (154.2)) (. (154.7)). , ,

(154.10)

 

 

.

 

, , , . . , , () : , , , , .

(. (144.5)) , . . , . , , .

, , dw ≪ w dk ≪ k.

,

t.

( ) , . , tdw = xdk = const,

(155.1)

. , . (155.1) , , .

(. (155.1)) u =w/k (. (154.8)) . , k =2p/l (. (154.3)), 288

(155.2)

(155.2) , , v dv/dl. dv/dl. = 0 .

, , . . , u £ c, .

 

 

. , . , , . ( ) . .

, S1 S2(. 221), A0 w .

 

 

. 221

 

(154.7),

rl 2 , k , j1 j2 . (144.2)

(j1 - j2) = const, D = 1 r2, .

,

(156.1)

: A = |A0/r1 + A0r2|. ,

(156.2)

: A = |A0/r1 - A0r2|; m = 0, I, 2,..., .

(156.1) (156.2) ,

(156.3)

(156.3) S1 S2., , , (. 221), j1 - j2 = 0. ( . 221 ) ( . 221 ).

 

, , , .

, , . , , , , . , , , ,

(157.1)

, k = 2p/l (. (154.3)), :

(157.2) , o w A = |2cos (2px/l)|, .

,

(157.3)

, 2.

,

(157.4)

. , (T = 2), , , (A = 0), . , , .

(157.3) (157.4) :

(157.5) (157.6)

(157.5) (157.6) , /2. /4.

, , ( (157.1) ), , ( (157.2) ). 2cos(2pl) , , . . , , .

. , , . , , . , . , , , (. 222, ), (. 222, ). , , , , . , .

. 222

 

, . , . , , . , , .

 

 

( ) , 1620 000 . , , . v < 16 () v > 20 () .

, (). , , () .

( ) , , , :

(/2).

. , , , , . , ( ) ( ) , . . 223 . , , .

. 223

, , , , , . , . :

I0 , 10-12 /2. L ( ). , 10 , ().

, (). 1000 ( ) 1 , 1 . , 90 , 1 20 .

, . . , ( ) ( ).

. , . , . . . , . , , , , . . .

, (, , ).

, . , . . , , , .

(158.1)

R , ̗ , g = Cp/Cv , җ . (158.1) , , . , . , T = 273 (M = 29×10-3 /) v = 331 /, (M = 2×10-3 /) v = 1260 /. (158.1) .

: , , , . , , , . . , , . , ( ).

. , . ( ), . , , 60 . , 0,51,5 .

 

 

* , , . , , , . . () () -

, ; , , , () (), , . v0.

1. , . . v = v = 0. v , l = vT = u/v0. ,

, v , , v0, .

2. , , .. v > 0, v = 0.

v + v. ,

. . , , (v + v)/v .

3. , , .. v > 0, v = 0.

, , , vT( ) , . v T (. 224), . . l' = l - v =(v - v)T,

. . v , , v/(v - v) . 2 3, v < 0 v < 0, .

 

. 224

 

4. . , 2 3, , :

(159.1)

, , .

, , . v, v , (159.1) .

 





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