. EK=(1/2)Nmv2=(3/2)RT 1 N = Na, Na . Nam = Mr, Mr
: v= (3RT/Mr).
: <v>= 0 (v f(v)dv) <v>= ((8KT)/*m)= ((8RT)/*)
: VP= ((2KT)/m)= ((2RT)/)
1. . , , .
T = 300 K.
, | |
- . , - .
2) 1860 . , :
n , dn , v v + dv, m , k , T .
3) ().
: dn/dv - , . , . :(dn/dv)dv=dn. n.
4) , , : dn/ndv=f(v) - .
, f(v) 1. dn/n - , . dn/dn=f(v)dv, , f(v) - , . , , .
5) . . , .
,
- .
:
- .
1) < v > - .
< v > <e>
,
-
2) < v > - .
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3) -
, . , , :
(df(v))dv=0 df, -(mv3/kT)+2v=0, v2=2kT/m,
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-