.
- , , . . , , ; , , , , ( ). , , () ()
Q-A+ΔU ΔU=Q-A
, . , .
V. V=1/m=ΔQ/ΔT
C- =- 1 -, t 1 .
C= ϻ/m= ΔQ/ΔT
. . .
, . Q, 1 1 c. c = Q / (mΔT).
C: C = M c,
M . . , , .
, , . , , , , . .
, . , , . , . . : CV (V = const) : A = 0. 1 QV = CVΔT = ΔU. ΔU ΔT . Cp (p = const). : Qp = ΔU + p(V2 V1) = CVΔT + pΔV,
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ΔV 1 ΔT.
: CP=QP/ ΔT=CV+P(ΔV/ΔT) ΔV / ΔT , 1 : pV = RT, R . p = const: PΔV=RΔT ΔV/ΔT = R/P. , , Cp CV, ( ): Cp = CV + R. . C=dQ/vdT. , . , . C v C v=(i/2)R, Cp Cp=((i+2)/2)R, i . C = ¥, C. = 0.
C v Cp , R /2, . C v Cp . , . C v , . . , , , . , 1 1 C v 3/2 R. , , , . 2 2 C v 5/2 R. , , , , , . , ( > 1000 ) C v 7/2 R, . .
. 9 |
. , . , , (.. , ) . , , , . .
, . , , C v = 3/2 R. , , C v = 5/2 R. , ( > 1000 ) , C v = 7/2 R. 1 2, 2 3 , ( 1 2) , ( 2 3) .
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, , .
( ). : C T, c, C.
.
C , , 1 1 : C=Q/(vΔT)
- (/).
C=cM
, , , M r . . , 2,2103 / 4,19103 /.
, . . , Q > 0, Δ Τ = 0. , C=Q/(mΔT)->
() (Q = 0), (Δ Τ ≠ 0). , c=Q/(mΔT)=0. , . (c V, C V), (c p, C p).