.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

. .

. , , , .

, , , , , , .

, , , . , 0 1 .

. .. , .

: . , . 1, 0. , , . . , .

(. 4.1). , ( ) .

 

4.1 4.2

 

 

n (zi) , zi.

z l .

. , .

(. 4.2). 2,80. , . q > 2 .

.. (. 4.3).

4.3

. . , . , , , . , , .

, , . . , 1, , 1, 0. , (. 11).

. 11.

, , :

z 1 z 2 z 3 z 4 z 5 z 6 z 7 z 8

01 00 111 110 100 1011 10101 10100

 

4.2.

 

(k = 1), 1 0 , 2 0 1 . (). , . , . , , , . 4.4.

 

4.4

, 2. . , q . :

, , . - (, a 18 , . . a 18=1). , , a 18, . . . , , , , . ( a 18) , .

 

.

( 8, 6).

. :

k 1=0; k 2=1; k 3=0; k 4=0; k 5=0.

:

k 6=0; k 7=1; k 8=0; k 9=0; k 10=0; k 11=0; k 12=0.

, . , , , .

:

, , .

 

 

, . , , . .

, , m k . k k . k . , 0, , 1. , , , . . n = (m + k +1) . ,

 

2 k  (m + k +1).

 

m k :

 

n........ 1 2 3 4 815 1631 3263 64

m....... 0 0 1 1 411 1126 2657 57

k........ 1 2 2 3 44 55 66 7

 

, k . , . 1, , , . , , , , 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 . ., 2, 3,6,7,10.

 

1 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15...

2 2,3,6,7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19,22,23..,

3 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23...

4 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15,24...

 

, , . 1, 2, 4, 8,... , .

4.5 .

 

4.5

4.5, n =7, m =4, k =3 1, 2, 4.

. , . , , 48 , () . , .

 

. =0,111000 , .

. :

k 1=1; k 2=0; k 3=1.

, 5.

: = 0,111100.

 

 

, . .

.

, p p:

AB (mod p). (4.1)

 

(4.1).

= + 1. (4.2)

 

:

1. . 1 B 1(mod p); 2 B 2(mod p); ; nBn (mod p), 1+ 2++ n = 1+ 2++ n (mod p).

, , - , , , . . A + BC (mod p) A B (mod ).

2. , , : (mod ); B (mod ), C (mod ).

3. . 1 B 1(mod p); 2 B 2(mod p). (4.2) 1= 1+11 ; 2= 2+12 .

1 2= 1 2+ 112 + 211 + 1112 pp. : 1 2= 1 2+ Np,

1 2 3... m 1 2 3... m (mod p).

 

3 , .

B (mod p); = K (mod p). BK (mod p).

4. :

= + 1 p; Am = m + m 1 p, . . Am = Bm (mod m p).

 

5. . (mod ), = ad, = bd, = p 1 d. = + 1 p.

, ,

ad = bd + 1 p 1 d.

 

d, = b + 1 1, .. = b (mod 1).

6. . = B (mod p), An = Bn (mod p).

6 , n - .

.

: .

 

. p:

rA = { / } ,

 

{} ; .

; = q (q , ) , ; = qm , m < n, m .

, . (, ..). , Ar (mod ); = r (mod ), 0 r 1; 0  r  1, + r + r (mod ).

r + r + r (mod ).

 

:

r - r r (mod ).

r r r (mod ).

 

. =125 =89 , , = 11.

. :

r = 125{125/11}11 = 4; r = 89{89/11}11 = 1.

 

:

+ = 214, r + =214 {214/11}11=5;

= 36, r - = 36 {36/11}11 = 3.

 

:

r + = 4 +1  5(mod 11); r - = 4 1  3(mod 11).

 

: r = 4; r = 1; r + = 5; r - = 3.

 

. :

 

.

 

: 1) ; 2) p.

, i < , .

 

. = 153 = 41, , =11.

. . : = 9; = 5.

, r = 9; r = 5.

:

= + = 194; =14; r = 3(mod 11);

D = A = 112; =4; r D = 4(mod 11);

: r = 9; r = 5; r + = 3; r - = 4.

 

, - () . .

 

,,.

 

r .

, , r . r ?

i , ai, bi . q , .. q 1 .

 

, (4.3)

 

l , .

r (mod p); r  (mod p), r  (mod p).

(4.3),

r [ r + r l (q 1) ] (mod p), (4.4)

 

, =

r [ r r + s(q -1) ] (mod p), (4.5)

 

s .

 

. = 589 = 195, , =11.

. . , .. :

 

,,

,.

 

(4.4) l = 2:

.

 

, , , .

(4.5) s = 1:

.

: r = 0; r = 4; r + = 8; r - = 5.

 





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