:
1. , , , . .
2. , . , .
3. , . , , . , .
4. , , , ().
, 2xT_OPR ( , ). , , SMT. .
, , ( , ). . , Token Ring, FDDI , .
TRT (Token-Rotation Timer), . T_OPR, . TRT (Token Holding Timer), . T_OPR (early token), . , .
, , ( ) . (restricted token) (extended dialogue). , , , . , , . ( ) - (non-restricted token). SMT, , , ( ).
, . T_OPR :
Total_Transmission_Time = T_OR Maximum_Ring_Latency.
Maximum_Ring_Latency , . (1000 200) 1,617 .
, ,
(Transmission_Time/T_OPR) 100 /.
, , LLC .