.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

, IBM- PC. .

:

 (Conventional Memory);

 S- (Expanded Memory Specification) ;

 UMA (Upper Memory Area) ;

 HMA (High Memory Area);

 XMS (Extended Memory Specification)

 

 

, , , . , .

PC (0 1), , h .

0000:0000 000:0000, 640. 8088 8086. 20- 1 (220=l 048 576 ). 640 IBM 384 , .

, BIOS, .

 

 

, ( 256 4 ), , BIOS. , . . BIOS, - . . 1024 (1 ) 0000h:0000h.

BIOS

 

BIOS 768 . , , , .

 

 

. , RAM , (). . .

 

A000h:0000h . 640 , PC 80286.

 

UMA

 

640 1 .

, , PC. , , , (Adapter), , , UMA (Upper Memory Area). (Upper Memory) A0000h FFFFFh ( 640 1 ), 384 .

. UMA BIOS, , , PC. ( ), , , . , , UMB (Upper Memory Block).

 

EMS

 

, , , . , , ROM BIOS ROM. EMS (Expanded Memory Specification), , , , 640 .

, Lotus, Intel Microsoft ( LIM) , (Bank Switchings), (), . UMB ROM BIOS (page frame) 64 , 4 16 . , 386., (Expanded) , , . . , , . , ( 1 ), . , , EMS, 8 ( LIM 3.2) 32 ( LIM 4.0) , . PC 80386 . EMS .

EMS-, :

 EMS-;

 (Expanded Memory Manager), EMM, . , , . DOS Windows, LIM 386.. (Expanded) (Extended) .

 

 

64 1 (High Memory Area). 8088 80286. . , , 16 64 (0F), 64 , , , , 16 . : , 8088, FFFF:000Fh (20 ). , (wrap around) 0000:0000. 80286 , 20 , 1 . , IBM PC , 80286 , 8088. . , PC 80286 FFFF:0010-FFFF:FFFFh, .. 64 16 . , , , .

XMS

 

1982 .

Intel-80286, .

XMS (eXtended Memory Specification) 1 , .

, , . , , . , XMS, , . . , .

 





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