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10.




 

, . , n .

, 1 1; 1+2 3, 1+2+3 6, 1+2+3+4 10 . .

,

Σ(n) = ½ n (n + 1).

, n , n .

, 1 . , , , n =1. , , , - , 1, 1. n =1 , :

Σ(1) = ½1(1 + 1).

, , - n, n +1.

Σ(n) = ½ n (n + 1).

Σ(n + 1) = Σ(n) + (n + 1) = ½ n (n + 1) + (n + 1).

Σ(n + 1) = ½(n + 1)[(n + 1) + 1].

, , , , n, n +1. , n, n +1. .

 

 

 

. , , , , . , , , .

 

1

 

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.

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- Scientific American.

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2

 

1 Mahoney M. The Mathematical Career of Pierre de Fermat. Princeton University Press, 1994.

, .

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.

 

3

 

1 Bell . . Men of Mathematics. Simon and Schuster, 1937.

: , , , .

2 Lloyd M., Dybas H. S. The periodical cicada problem // Evolution, 1966. Vol. 20, P. 466505.

3 Osen L. M. Women in Mathematics. MIT Press, 1994.

, -, .

4 Peri . Math Equals: Biographies of Women Mathematicians + Related Activities. Addison-Wesley, 1978.

5 Mozans H.J. Women in Science. D.Appleton and Co, 1913.

6 Dahan D. A. Sophie Germain // Scientific American, December 1991.

.

7 Edwards H. M. Fermat's Last Theorem. A Genetic Introduction to Algebraic Number Theory. Springer, 1977.

, .

8 Burton D. Elementary Number Theory. Allyn & Bacon, 1980.

. . In: . R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 1847. Vol. 24, P. 407416, 469483.

9 Lame G. Note au sujet de la demonstration du theoreme de Fermat // C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 1847. Vol. 24, P. 352.

10 Kummer . . Extrait d'une lettre de M. Kummer a M. Liouville // J. Math. Pures et Appl., 1847. Vol. 12, P. 136. . Kummer . . Collected Papers. Vol. 1 (Ed. by A. Weil) Springer, 1975.

11 Lines M. . A Number for Your Thoughts. Adam Hilger, 1986.

, .

 

4

 

1 Davis P. J., Chinn W. . 3,1415 and All That. Birkhäuser, 1985.

, .

2 Wells D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin, 1986.

3 Wells D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Puzzles. Penguin, 1982.

4 Loyd S. Ju. Sam Loyd and his Puzzles. Barse and Co, 1928.

5 Loyd S. Mathematical Puzzles of Sam Loyd. Ed. By Martin Gardner. Dover, 1959.

6 Northropp . P. Riddles in Mathematics. Van Nostrand, 1944.

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8 Ribenboim P. 13 Lectures on Fermat's Last Theorem. Springer, 1980.

, . -.

9 Devlin . Mathematics: The Science of Patterns. Scientific American Library, 1994.

, .

10 Devlin . Mathematics: The New Golden Age. Penguin, 1990.

, .

11 Stewart I. The Concepts of Modern Mathematics. Penguin, 1995.

12 Russell ., Whitehead A. N. Principia Mathematica. 3 Vols. Cambridge University Press, 19101913.

13 Kreisel G. Kurt Gödel. In: Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society, 1980.

14 Hardy G. H. A Mathematician's Apology. Cambridge University Press, 1940.

XX .

15 Hodges A. Alan Turing: The Enigma of Intelligence. Unwin Paperbacks, 1983.

, ; .

 

5

 

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, .

2 Frey G. Links between stable elliptic curves and certain diophantine equations // Ann. Univ. Sarav. Math. Ser., 1986. Vol. 1, P. 140.

, , - .

 

6

 

1 Rothmans . Genius and Biographers: the Fictionalization of Evariste Galois // Amer. Math. Monthly, 1982. Vol. 89, P. 84106.

, , .

2 Depny P. La vie d'Evariste Galois // Annales Scientifiques de 1'Ecole Normale Superieure, 1986. Vol. 13, P. 197266.

3 Dumas A. Mes Memoirs. Editions Gallimard, 1967.

4 Van der Poorten A. Notes on Fermat's Last Theorem. Wiley, 1996.

, .

 

7

 

1 Gelbart S. An elementary introduction to the Langlands programme // Bulletin of the American Mathematical Monthly, 1984. Vol. 10, P. 177219.

, .

2 Wiles A. Modular elliptic curves and Fermat's Last Theorem // Ann. of Math., 1995. Vol. 142, P. 443551.

- .

3 Taylor R., Wiles A. Ring-theoretic properties of certain Hecke algebras // Ann. of Math., 1995. Vol. 142, P. 553572.

, 1993 .

 

8

 

1 Stewart I. How to succeed in stacking // New Scientist, 13 July 1991, P. 2932.

2 Morgan J. The death of proof // Scientific American, October 1993, P. 7482.

3 Appel K., Haken W. The solution of the four-color-map problem // Scientific American, October 1977. P. 108121.

4 Saaty T. L., Kainen P. C. The Four-Color Problem: Assaults and Conquest. McGraw-Hill, 1977.

5 Davis O. J., Hersh R. The Mathematical Experience. Penguin, 1990.

 

, Royallib.ru


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