3.1
, , , . , . , . . . α . , , .. β , (1 - β) . (1 - β) β , (1 - β)2 β .. 4 , . :
1 - α α 0 0 0
β 1 - α - β α 0 0
0 2β 1 - α - 2β α 0
0 0 3β 1 - α - 3β α
0 0 0 4β 1 - 4β
, , , , p × P = p . , :
p0 (1 - α) + p1 β = p0,
p0 α + p1 (1 - α - β) + p2 2β = p1,
p1 α + p2 (1 - α - 2β) + p3 3β = p2,
p2 α + p3 (1 - α - 3β) + p4 4β = p3,
p3 α + p4 (1 - 4β) = p4.
( γ = α / β):
p1 = γ p0,
p2 = γ2 p0/2,
p3 = γ3 p0/3,
p4 = γ4 p0/4,
:
p0 = = (1 + γ + γ2/2 + γ3/3 + γ4/4)-1.
πi , i . p4 = γ4/4 , . . : .
[1].
3.2
, . . . : (1) , (2) (3) . , . P1:
P1
0.25 0.50 0.25
|
|
0.00 0.45 0.55
0.00 0.00 1.00
, . , , , . P1 P2: P2
0.40 0.50 0.10
0.15 0.60 0.25
0.05 0.45 0.50
, . , . R1 R2, : R1
7.00 6.00 3.00
0.00 5.00 1.00
0.00 0.00 -1.00
R2
6.00 5.00 -1.00
7.00 4.00 0.00
6.00 3.00 -2.00
, . : . - . , . N . , , , . , , N+1 ( N ). , . fn(i) , n N , i, , fn(i) fn+1(j)
fn(i) = maxk{∑j=1mpijk[rijk + fn+1(j)]}, n = 1, 2, , N
k . , rijk + fn+1(j) i n j n+1 pijk.
, fn(i) (n = N1). .
[2].
3.3
, w. , , (Si) (sj) . , : . . , , , (u, v), (u, v, w) .. , , . . , , , . , , , , , , , .
|
|
( ) -. , , . , . , , . , , , , .
.. : , 3- . : ; , 2003.
, . , 6- . .: , 2001.
. . . .: , 2004.
., ., ., . , 2004.