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, PIP 2-3 2 "" . PaO2 60 ... FiO2=0,6 1-2 2 PaO2865 ..., SaO2892%.
"" : PEEP PIP "" [22] PEEP Vt Paw/Vt.

"" (Open-Lung Strategy)
"" (, , ), , . : 7-10 ( 4-6 2), - 3 10 , PC PIP PEEP , PaO2/FiO2 460-480 ... , PIP= 50-56 2 = 20-28 2. 1-2 2 ( 50-70 ...), PIP PEEP , PaO2/FiO2; 2-3 2, , , , . PIP "" 24-32 2, - 16-20 2, 10-18 2. ( ) (. 1).

( Vt/Paw)
"" PEEP Vt Vt/Paw (II III ), ( ) , , [25].
, / = 0 2, , , 8 13 2. 2 2 [7, 18, 20, 26, 34, 35, 42]. 20-30 "" . "" Vt "" Vt/Paw, [4].
Vt/Paw / Vt PIP (Pplat) ( ) [39].

(PC-IRV)
PEEP, PIP, Vt, (SaO2>95%, PaO2>80 ...), , SaO2=94-95%, PaO2> 70 ... (SaO2<90%, PaO2<60 ...), FiO2 70-100% . / . 35-40 2 , PIP 6 40-45 2 MAP>17-20 2, > 10 2, I/E = 1:1-1:1,2, SaO293% FiO2>0,7, PaO2/FiO2<80-100 .., Clt,d< 0,4-0,6 /2/, (PC-IRV) 1,5:1 - 2:1 2-4-6 (PaCO2= 55-65 ...), ( , ..), CMV, PRVC. PC-IRV , "" "" . PC-IRV .
PC-IRV . , FiO2 100%. 60% (1,5:1), 67% (2:1), 2/3 PIP, , Vt= 6-8 /. 16 25 /. : , , ( ). 5-7 2. 20-25 , , I/E. PIP 2 2 SaO2=100% ( PIP 4-6 2 I/E= 2:1) PaCO2, I/E , , . FiO2 , PaO2=80-100 ..., SaO2 = 96-98%.
, , "" , - . - : SaO2 40-50% ; ; ; ; .
( ) "" , FiO2 30-35% .

"" ("")
.
. , - Vt, 6,20,8 / (432 ) 11,80,8 / (429 ). , , 6 /, (31,0%), 12 / (39,8%), ( , . .1) [13,39].
, (6 / ), , 2 ( 60-70 ...) -, 30-50% [22]. " ". Vt PetCO2, (PaO2, PaCO2) - (pH, BE).


"" : 1) PaO2>60 ... FiO2<0,5 [14]; 2) P(a-et)CO2 [5,29]; 3) "Open Lung" [22]; 4) Vt/Paw [7,23]; 5) CMV [39].
, (549 ) (8,33,2 .) (13,23,5 .) , (10% 11% ), (14,5 13,8 ) (24,9% 27,5% ) ( ) [9, 32, 40].
, , (4-6 /) (PEEPi), "" Vt (5,8 2 1,4 2 ). "-" ( ), [10].
, .

(High-frequency oscillatory ventilation)
148 (Vt=6-10 /, = 10-18 2) (5 , 40 /) , HFOV , ( ) [12].

-
/ - ( ). : Clt 15-25% , PaO2/FiO2 30-40% . , .
- , / ( , ) [16, 31].


14-18 2, MAP 6-8 2, PEEP 4-5 2, (PaO2>70 ..., SaO2>95% FiO2<0,4), (Clt,d>0,8-1,0 /2/) IMV/SIMV, SIMV+PSV, CPAP , 4-5 2, 3 2 [3].
SIMV+PSV (F) 1-2 40-60 () (4 /) 1-2 / 1,5-2 , 2-2,5 . SIMV , PIP 1,5-2,0 2. 1-2 1-2 2 .
IMV/SIMV (F) 1-2 40-60 () (4 /) 1-2 / 2-3 , 2-2,5 .
2-6 ( ) 25-30%.


, , , . : 1) , ; 2) , ( ) [19].

()
, (Protein C Surfactant) . , ( ) ( ) [38]. .


(NO) , [30]. NO ( ), ( ) [11, 24, 27, 41].


70- () , ( 85%) [17, 43]. (LFPPV-ECCO2R) [15]. ( ) [28].


/ (, ), (, , ); "" "" (PC-IRV) : 0,04-0,06 / ( ) [3].

1 , , , : , /.
, -, , "" ( ), , "" , -, .

1

/, ( Kallet R.H., 2004) [21]

Vt Pplat (<35 H2O) I B
I B
"" II C
II C
CPAP CPAP II C
V E
I B
I B
- I A
I A
II C
II C
I B
I B
II C
II C
(NO) I A
I B
CO2 II C

 

1. .., . -. . . 1996. 2. .15-25.

2. .., . ( ) . . . . . 2000. 3. .2-13.

3. .., .. - . , 2002. 202 .

4. .., . -. . 2004. 4. .59-63.

5. .. : .... . . . ., 1989. 504.

6. Artigans A., et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS, Part 2. Ventilatory, Pharmacologic, Supportive Therapy, Study Design Strategies, and Issues Related to Recovery and Remodeling Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998, V.157. 4: 1332-1347.

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10. De Durante G., et al. ARDSNet lower tidal volume ventilatory strategy may generate intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in patints with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002, V. 165. 2: 1271-1274.

11. Dellinger R.P., et al. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: results of a randomized phase II trial. Inhaled Nitric Oxide in ARDS Study Group. Crit. Care Med. 1998, V.26. 1: 15-23.

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20. Kallet R.H. Pressure-volume curves in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir. Care Clin. N. Am. 2003, V. 3: 321-341.

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24. Lundin S. et al., Inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury: results of a European multicentre study. The European Study Group of Inhaled Nitric Oxide. Intensive Care Med. 1999, V. 25. 9: 911-919.

25. Maggiore S.M., Brochard L. Pressure-volume curve in the critically ill. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care. 2000, V.6: 1-10.

26. Mergoni M., et al. Impact of positive end-expiratory pressure on chest wall and lung pressure-volume curve in acute respiratory failure. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 1997. V.156: 846-854.

27. Michael J.R. et al. Inhaled nitric oxide versus conventional therapy: effect on oxygenation in ARDS. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998. V.157. 5 Pt 1: 1372-1380.

28. Morris A.H. et al. Randomized clinical trial of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation and extracorporeal CO2 removal for adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994. Vol.149. 2 Pt 1. P. 295-305. Erratum in: Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994, V. 149. 3: 838.

29. Murray J.F., et al. An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1988, V. 138: 720-723

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31. Pelosy P., et al. Prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome Eur. Respir. 2002, V. 20: 1017-1028.

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