-
F2 | l2 | Br2 | I2 | At2 | |
, . , | , - | , - | , - | , , -. | , , - |
/3 | () | () | - | ||
, 0, () | -219,6 (53,4) | -101,3 (162) | -7,3 (265,7) | (387) | (581) |
, 0, () | -188,2 (84,8) | -34 (239) | 59,8 (332,8) | 184,3 (457,3) | (607) |
- (Δ2), / | |||||
, Δ0298, / | 79,55 | 121,21 | 111,91 | 106,69 | 90,85 |
, S0298, /(.) | 202,85 | 223,1 | 151,77 | 116,81 | 121,42 |
, ε0298, , 2+2=2- | 2,87 | 1,36 | 1,07 | 0,54 | 0,2 |
3
I II
, 2
F CF4
ClF, ClF3; BrF, BrF3,
3, 5 BrF5, BrCl; IF, IF3,
( J5) IF5,IF7, ICl, ICl3, IBr.
F NF3 F; Cl; Br S22; F2 O2F2
S2; SF6 (. , t0C= -1900C)
4
() ()
I2
HNO3 H2SO4
HIO3 (.)
(.)
F→HF FOF2+NaF
l; Br; I H+HO Cl; Br; I Na+Na
F, 9, r=19; 2 1s22s2p5. , 1. (4 ). :
=1
. 1771 .. - , .
. . 8.10-2% ( ). F2 ( , ). : , , (, ), , , , . - Na3AlF6 (54,3%F). . . - Ca5(PO4)3F (3.3% F). : , . ( ). 1 19F, 16 21.
|
|
.
, . 1886 HF KF. . HF CaF2 .H2SO4 1300:
CaF2+H2SO4→CaSO4+2HF↑
KF.HF- (2500) KF.2HF- (1000) , , ( ).