3) object clauses which modify verbs and adjectives as objects
to them and may be introduced by the same conjunctions and con-
junctive words as subject clauses (see above).
e.g. I thought (that) they were joking.
We were sorry (that) we had missed Father by a few minutes.
It was announced over the radio that the flight was delayed.
It was urgent that we should take a decision.
It is very lucky that you're calling me now.
I wish you hadn't asked me that.
Hefound it important that they should start on the job right away.
They took it for granted that his theory was correct.
Nobody knew what she meant.
He could not understand why they insisted on such a decision.
Time will show if (whether) he is right.
Itwas not clear what had happenedand who was injured.
4) adverbial clauses which function as adverbial modifiers to
verbs and adjectives within the principal clause and may be of the
following kinds:
a) adverbial clauses of time which are introduced by the con-
junctions when, while, as, until, till, before, after, since, as soon
as, as long as and some others,
e.g. When they reached the village, Jane got out of the taxi and
looked about her.
I won't leave until you come.
b) adverbial clauses of place and direction which are in-
troduced by the conjunction where,
e.g. They stopped where the road turned to the river.
c) adverbial clauses of cause which are introduced by the con-
junctions because, as, since and some others,
e.g. He was glad to talk to her because it set her at ease.
d) adverbial clauses of purpose which are introduced by the
conjunctions so that, that, in order that, lest,
e.g. He spoke loudly and clearly so that all could hear him.
e) adverbial clauses of condition which are introduced by the
conjunctions if, in case, unless and some others,
e.g. If we start off now, we'll arrive there by dinner time.
f) adverbial clauses of concession which are introduced by the
conjunctions though, although, even if, even though and wh-pro-
nouns, ending in -ever,
e.g. Although it was very late, she kept the dinner warm on the
stove.
Even if the fault is all his, I must find a way to help him.
Whatever happens, she won't have it her own way.
g) adverbial clauses of consequence which are introduced by
the conjunctions that, so... that, such... that,
e.g. He was so embarrassed that he could hardly understand her.
h) adverbial clauses of comparison which are introduced by the
conjunctions than, as, as...as, not so (as)...as, as if and as though.
e.g. He now took better care of his old father than he had ever
