. , , . , , . , , .
, , , , , , .
- . , .
-
S = dy/dx. (3.7)
, .
Δ = - , (3.8)
- ; - .
, , . , .
:
δ = (Δ/) 100 = [(x - )/] 100. (3.9)
xN, ( ) ( ):
γ = (Δ/xN) ∙ 100 = [( - x)/xN] 100. (3.10)
, .
= S ∙ x + 0, (3.11)
S ; 0 - .
0 S.
, 0, .
, S, .
. 0 - (.3.2,).
Δ = Δ0 = 0 - 0 , (3.12)
0 0.
|
|
, , (.3.1,). Δ = - .
ΔS
Δ = ΔS ∙ , (3.13)
.. .
) )
3.2 : ) ; )
δ = ΔS/S (3.14)
.
. .
, , , . , +20 2; < 2; 65 15%; ; 50 1 ..
. , , .. (+20 2), 1%. , .
- , , . ,
(3.15)
c/d,
(3.16)
.
c,d :
- , , .
, , . .
, .. . , , .
, , ... . , , .. :
a0d ny/dt n + a1d n-1y/dt n-1 ++any = x(t),
0, a1,..., n .
|
|
(0n + a1p n-1 + + an)y(p) = x(p),
p = d/dt .
:
W() = ()/(). (3.17)
, y(t) x(t)
Δ(t) = y{t) , (3.18)
y(t) - t; - , .
: .
(3.17) = jω,
(3.19)
(ω) - ; φ(ω) - .
(ω) - (); φ(ω) ().
- , , 1,5% . , .
- . . , , .
- . . , .