.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





. . -, , , , . -, , , .

- , , . , , [4]. , .

. , , . . (), , , , , 0 1 [1]. , .

, , .. , , : , . , .

: , .

(. 2.50).


. 2.50.

 

1 . 2 , ? , , , . . 3 ( ) 6 () . 4 ( ) 7 () . 8 . , , 5 ( ) 9 () . 2.13 2.14 , . , : 1 2 4.

, .

 

 

l, (2.16).

l, , , . :

 

l = {(l1 |b1), (l2 |b2), , (l n |b n)}, (2.127)

 

l1, 2, , n ; b1,2, , n , .

2.15. :

 

l i = {(1,35 × 106|0,8), (2,80 × 106|0,9), (4,60 × 106|0,95)},

 

: 1,35 × 106 0,8, 2,80 × 106 0,9 4,60 × 106 0,95.

L.

, .

. , .

. .

2.16. (. . 2.25). , 152 × 106, 60 .., 250 × 106, 40 .. , 64 × 106, 10 .., 80 × 106, 8 .. 300 × 106.

. 4 :

1) 1; 1;

2) 1; 2;

3) 2; 1;

4) 2; 2.

, . 2.1.5 ( (2.26)):

1)l1 = 1 × 152 × 106 + 1 × 64 × 106 = 216 × 106,

2) l2 = 1 × 152 × 106 + 1 × 80 × 106 = 232 × 106,

3) l3 = 1 × 250 × 106 + 1 × 64 × 106 = 314 × 106,

4) l4 = 1 × 250 × 106 + 1 × 80 × 106 = 330 × 106.

 

:

 

1)l1 = 216 × 106, = 70 ..;

2) l2 = 232 × 106, = 68 ..;

3) l3 = 314 × 106, = 50 .;

4) l4 = 330 × 106, = 48 ..

 

, , .

, . 2.50: , .

2.17. 2.16. :

 

l1 = (140 × 106|0,8; 152 × 106|0,85; 160 × 106|0,9),

l2 = (240 × 106|0,7; 250 × 106|0,85; 270 × 106|0,9),

l1 = (60 × 106|0,8; 64 × 106|0,9; 70 × 106|0,95),

l2 = (75 × 106|0,85; 80 × 106|0,9; 90 × 106|0,95),

 

l1, l2, l1 l2 L.

L . , . , . :

 

1) b1 = 0,7; 2) b2 = 0,8; 3) b3 = 0,85; 4) b4 = 0,9; 5) b5 = 0,95.

 

L b-, :

 

(2.128)

 

b L. b .

. b = 0,7. ( 1, 1) l1 = 140×106, b = 0,8, 1. 1 l1 = 60×106, ..

b = 0,95 , , 0,95.

, :

 

1) b1 = 0,7; 2) b2 = 0,8; 3) b3 = 0,85; 4) b4 = 0,9.

 

L :

 

1) b1 = 0,7: l1 = 140 × 106; l1 = 60 × 106;

2) l1 = 140 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

3) l2 = 240 × 106; l1 = 60 × 106;

4) l2 = 240 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

5) b2 = 0,8: l1 = 140 × 106; l1 = 60 × 106;

6) l1 = 140 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

7) l2 = 250 × 106; l1 = 60 × 106;

8) l2 = 250 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

9) b3 = 0,85: l1 = 152 × 106; l1 = 64 × 106;

10) l1 = 152 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106;

11) l2 = 250 × 106; l1 = 64 × 106;

12) l2 = 250 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106;

13) b4 = 0,9: l1 = 160 × 106; l1 = 64 × 106.

14) l1 = 160 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106;

15) l2 = 270 × 106; l1 = 64 × 106;

16) l2 = 270 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106.

 

. , . 2.1.5 ( (2.26)).

. :

 

1) b = 0,7; l = 200 × 106; = 70 ..;

2) b = 0,7; l = 215 × 106; = 68 ..;

3) b = 0,7; l = 300 × 106; = 50 ..;

4) b = 0,7; l = 315 × 106; = 48 ..;

5) b = 0,8; l = 200 × 106; = 70 ..;

6) b = 0,8; l = 215 × 106; = 68 ..;

7) b = 0,8; l = 310 × 106; = 50 ..;

8) b = 0,8; l = 325 × 106; = 48 ..;

9) b = 0,85; l = 216 × 106; = 70 ..;

10) b = 0,85; l = 232 × 106; = 68 ..;

11) b = 0,85; l = 314 × 106; = 50 ..;

12) b = 0,85; l = 330 × 106; = 48 ..;

13) b = 0,9; l = 224 × 106; = 70 ..;

14) b = 0,9; l = 240 × 106; = 68 ..;

15) b = 0,9; l = 334 × 106; = 50 ..;

16) b = 0,9; l = 350 × 106; = 48 ..

 

, b. , ( 4, 8, 12 16). , :

 

1) b = 0,7; l = 200 × 106; = 70 ..;

2) b = 0,7; l = 215 × 106; = 68 ..;

3) b = 0,7; l = 300 × 106; = 50 ..;

4) b = 0,8; l = 200 × 106; = 70 ..;

5) b = 0,8; l = 215 × 106; = 68 ..;

6) b = 0,8; l = 310 × 106; = 50 ..;

7) b = 0,85; l = 216 × 106; = 70 ..;

8) b = 0,85; l = 232 × 106; = 68 ..;

9) b = 0,85; l = 314 × 106; = 50 ..;

10) b = 0,9; l = 224 × 106; = 70 ..;

11) b = 0,9; l = 240 × 106; = 68 ..;

12) b = 0,9; l = 334 × 106; = 50 ..

 

, , . . [2].

, l ( l ).

: l = 200×106; = 50 .., .

Ri :

 

. (2.129)

 

Ri :

 

. (2.130)

 

Ri (D i) :

 

. (2.131)

 

, , . , , .

. D i , :

 

1) b = 0,7; l = 200 × 106; = 70 ..; , ;

D i = |(1 1,0) + (1 1,47)| = 0,47;

2) b = 0,7; l = 215×106; = 68 ..; ,

; Di =| (1 1,075) + (1 1,417)| = 0,49;

3) b = 0,7; l = 300 × 106; = 50 ..; D i = 0,54;

4) b = 0,8; l = 200 × 106; = 70 ..; D i = 0,47;

5) b = 0,8; l = 215 × 106; = 68 ..; D i = 0,54;

6) b = 0,8; l = 310 × 106; = 50 ..; D i = 0,61;

7) b = 0,85; l = 216 × 106; = 70 ..; D i = 0,57;

8) b = 0,85; l = 232 × 106; = 68 ..; D i = 0,565;

9) b = 0,85; l = 314 × 106; = 50 ..; D i = 0,73;

10) b = 0,9; l = 228 × 106; = 70 ..; D i = 0,62;

11) b = 0,9; l = 240 × 106; = 68 ..; D i = 0,61;

12) b = 0,9; l = 334 × 106; = 50 ..; D i = 0,78.

, .

, ( 1 1) :

 

b = 0,7; D i = 0,47;

b = 0,8; D i = 0,47;

b = 0,85; D i = 0,57;

b = 0,9; D i = 0,62.

 

:

 

, (2.132)

 

n , L. :

 

(2.133)

 

(2.132) , 2.17.

1

D = 0,7 × 0,47 + 0,8 × 0,47 + 0,85 × 0,57 + 0,9 × 0,62 = 1,7475.

2

D = 0,7 × 0,49 + 0,8 × 0,49 + 0,85 × 0,565 + 0,9 × 0,61 = 1,764.

3

D = 0,7 × 0,54 + 0,8 × 0,61 + 0,85 × 0,73 + 0,9 × 0,78 = 2,189.

1 1, .

, , . , . (. . 2.50) , , ( ) , , , .

 

 

(. 1.1.5), . ( , . . 2.3.1.) : l/ m/ .

l (, l), , , .

2.18. :

l i = {(1,35 × 106|0,8), (2,80 × 106|0,9), (4,60 × 106|0,95)},

i = {(2,4|0,7), (2,8|0,8), (3,5|0,9)},

: 1,35×106 0,8, 2,80 ×106 0,9 4,60 ×106 0,95. .

L.

, .

, , , . .

. , .

. 3.

2.19. . , 152×106, 60 .., 250×106, 40 .. 1 . , 64×106, 10 .., 80×106, 8 .. 0,5 .

: 0,97.

. 4 ( 3):

1) 1; 1;

2) 1; 2;

3) 2; 1;

4) 2; 2.

( 4) , . 2.3.2.

(2.108) :

1) K = 0,98;

2) K = 0,975;

3) K = 0,95;

4) K = 0,945.

, , , ( 5). :

1) K = 0,98, = 70 ..;

2) K = 0,975, = 68 ..

, .

, . 1 .

2.20. 2.19. :

l1 = (140 × 106|0,8; 152 × 106|0,85; 160 × 106|0,9),

1 = (1,5|0,7; 2,0|0,8; 2,5|0,9),

l2 = (240 × 106|0,7; 250 × 106|0,85; 270 × 106|0,9),

2 = (1,5|0,7; 2,0|0,8; 2,5|0,9),

l1 = (60 × 106|0,8; 64 × 106|0,9; 70 × 106|0,95),

1 = (0,5|0,7; 1,0|0,8; 2,0|0,9),

l2 = (75 × 106|0,85; 80 × 106|0,9; 90 × 106|0,95),

2 = (0,5|0,7; 1,0|0,8; 2,0|0,9),

l1 , 1, l2 , 2 , l1, 1, l2 2 L. L . , , , . :

 

1) b1 = 0,7; 2) b2 = 0,8; 3) b3 = 0,85; 4) b4 = 0,9; 5) b5 = 0,95.

 

L b- ( 6), (2.128):

b .

. b = 0,7. ( 1, 1) l1 = 140 × 106, b = 0,8, 1. 1 l1 = 60 × 106, . 1,5, 0,5; b = 0,7.

b = 0,95 , , 0,95.

, :

1) b1 = 0,7; 2) b2 = 0,8; 3) b3 = 0,85; 4) b4 = 0,9.

L :

1) b1 = 0,7: l1 = 140 × 106; l1 = 60 × 106;

1 = 1,5; 1 = 0,5;

2) l1 = 140 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

1 = 1,5; 2 = 0,5;

3) l2 = 240 × 06; l1 = 60 × 106;

2 = 1,5; 1 = 0,5;

4) l2 = 240 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

2 = 1,5; 2 = 0,5;

5) b2 = 0,8: l1 = 140 × 106; l1 = 60 × 106;

1 = 2,0; 1 = 1,0;

6) l1 = 140 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

1 = 2,0; 2 = 1,0;

7) l2 = 250 × 106; l1 = 60 × 106;

2 = 2,0; 1 = 1,0;

8) l2 = 250 × 106; l2 = 75 × 106;

2 = 2,0; 2 = 1,0;

9) b3 = 0,85: l1 = 152 106; l1 = 64 × 106;

1 = 2,5; 1 = 1,5;

10) l1 = 152 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106;

1 = 2,5; 2 = 1,5;

11) l2 = 250 × 106; l1 = 64 × 106;

2 = 2,5; 1 = 1,5;

12) l2 = 250 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106;

2 = 2,5; 2 = 1,5;

13) b4 = 0,9: l1 = 160 × 106; l1 = 64 × 106;

1 = 2,5; 1 = 1,5;

14) l1 = 160 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106;

1 = 2,5; 2 = 1,5;

15) l2 = 270 × 106; l1 = 64 × 106;

2 = 2,5; 1 = 1,5;

16) l2 = 270 × 106; l2 = 80 × 106;

2 = 2,5; 2 = 1,5.

( 7). , 2.19.

. :

1) b = 0,7; K = 0,99; = 70 ..,

2) b = 0,7; K = 0,98; = 68 ..,

3) b = 0,7; K = 0,96; = 50 ..,

4) b = 0,7; K = 0,95; = 48 ..,

5) b = 0,8; K = 0,99; = 70 ..,

6) b = 0,8; K = 0,98; = 68 ..,

7) b = 0,8; K = 0,96; = 50 ..,

8) b = 0,8; K = 0,95; = 48 ..,

9) b = 0,85; K = 0,98; = 70 ..,

10) b = 0,85; K = 0,97; = 68 ..,

11) b = 0,85; K = 0,95; = 50 ..,

12) b = 0,85; K = 0,94; = 48 ..,

13) b = 0,9; K = 0,97; = 70 ..,

14) b = 0,9; K = 0,96; = 68 ..,

15) b = 0,9; K = 0,90; = 50 ..,

16) b = 0,9; K = 0,88; = 48 ..

: , . 3 4. :

1) b = 0,7; K = 0,99; = 70 ..,

2) b = 0,7; K = 0,98; = 68 ..,

3) b = 0,8; K = 0,99; = 70 ..,

4) b = 0,8; K = 0,98; = 68 ..,

5) b = 0,85; K = 0,98; = 70 ..,

6) b = 0,85; K = 0,97; = 68 ..,

7) b = 0,9; K = 0,97; = 70 ..,

8) b = 0,9; K = 0,96; = 68 ..

, , b 0,97.

, , . . ( 8) [2].

, , K .

: K = 0,99; = 48 ..

Ri (2.86), Ri (2.130).

Ri D i (2.131):

 

 

. D i , :

1) b = 0,7; K = 0,99; = 70 ..,

; ,

D i = |(1 1,0) + (1 1,47)| = 0,47;

2) b = 0,7; K = 0,98; = 68 ..,

; ,

D i =|(1 0,99) + (1 1,417)| = 0,407;

3) b = 0,8; K = 0,99; = 70 ..; D i = 0,47;

4) b = 0,8; K = 0,99; = 68 ..; D i = 0,54;

5) b = 0,85; K = 0,99; = 70 ..; D i = 0,57;

6) b = 0,85; K = 0,99; = 68 ..; D i = 0,565;

7) b = 0,9; K = 0,99; = 70 ..; D i = 0,62;

8) b = 0,9; K = 0,99; = 68 ..; D i = 0,61.

, .

, ( 1 1) :

b = 0,7; D i = 0,47;

b = 0,8; D i = 0,47;

b = 0,85; D i = 0,57;

b= 0,9; D i = 0,62.

( 9) (2.132).

(2.133):

 

.

1

D = 0,7 × (0,47) + 0,8 × (0,47) + 0,8 × (0,57) + 0,9 × (0,62) = 1,7475.

2

D = 0,7 × (0,407) + 0,8 × (0,54) + 0,85 × (0,565) + 0,9 × (0,61) = 1,763.

1 1, 1 2.

, , .

, .

. / .

() . , , , . , ( 1, . . 2.46), , , ( 2.16 2.17 2.19 2.20).





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