t..(5-8)= t...(5-8) + t(5-8) =5+2 = 7 ,
a pao - 8-9
t..(8-9)= t...(8-9) + t(8-9) =7+1 = 8 ,
. e. pae pooeoc pecoo y.
o cpo ooa o pao ceeoro paa t..i pae paoc ey pooeoc pecoo y tp cyapo pooeoco pao a acao ye, ceyx a ao paoo aepaey co:
t..i = tp - ∑tmax.
Ta, o cpo ooa pao 1 - 4pae
t..(1-4) = tp - (t(4-8) + t(8-9) = 8- (3 + 1) = 4 eca,
a pao 1-5
t..(1-5) = tp - (t(5-8) + t(8-9) = 8- (2 + 1) = 5 eca.
Hepyo ae, o o cpo ooa pao 8-9pae tp, a a ∑tmax = 0.
o cpo aaa pao ceeoo paa t..i pae paoc ey o cpoo ooa o pao pooeoc cao pao:
t..i = t..i - ti.
Ta, o cpo aaa pao 1-4pae
t..(1-4) = t..(1-4) - t(1-4) = 4 -0,5 = 3,5 eca,
a pao 1-5:
t..(1-5) = t..(1-5) - t(1-5) = 5-3 = 2 eca.
Peepo pee oo y L aaec paoc ey pooeoc pecoo paccapaeop y t(L).
R(L) = t. - t(L).
Peep pee oro y oaae, a coo oe yeea pooeoc cex pao, paeax aoy y, o p o e ec o cpo oe pao eo.
Kpec y e oaae peepo pee, ce pao, eae a o y, ae e oaa peepa pee.
o peepo pee pao aaec peeoe pe, a oopoe oo ye pooeoc ao pao, e e pooeoc pecoo y. o peep paccaec a paoc ey o cpoo aaa (ooa) pao pa cpoo ee aaa (ooa):
Ri = t..i t..i;
Ri = t..i t..i.
Ta, o peep pee pao 1-4coca
R(1-4) = t..(1-4) t..i = 3,5 - 2 = 1,5 eca.
o peep pee oe cooa yee eoc a oo pao, a pyx pao, oope ea a y, poxoe epe y paoy. Ec poxo epe ay paoy y ae pao, paeae pecoy y, o a pao o peep pee e pacpocpaec.
Ta, ae cyae o peep pee 1,5 eca oe oece paoe 1-4 4-8o pacpeee ey .
Peya paceo ocox apaepo ceeoo paa yoo aoc ay. p ao oxoe oope peyo paceo ao o, ae peepa pee aoa ea x peepo. Peya paceo ceeoo paa ooe ooo opaa (pc 9) pecae a 6.
oce pacea apaepo ceeoo paa eoopx cyax oae eoxooc eo oppepoe (oa). Oa ceeoo paa eec c e axoe aoo eo apaa, p oopo cyape pacxo oe ceo oeca pao oaac a. Ceee pa pec p papaoe, epeope epe caapo, e c x oo poo e oo yy oex pao, o ycaaa oae cpo oce oeoo peyaa.
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Taa 6
| Ooae-e pao | apaep ceeoo paa | |||||
| ti | t..i | t..i | t..i | t..i | R.i | |
| 0-1 | ||||||
| 0-2 0-3 | 3,5 | 5,5 | 3,5 | |||
| 1-4 1-5 | 0,5 | 2,5 | 3,5 | 1,5 | ||
| 2-6 3-7 | 0,5 | 2,5 | 5,5 | 3,5 | ||
| 4-8 5-8 | 2,5 | 5,5 | 1,5 | |||
| 6-8 7-8 | 2,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | |||
| 8-9 |
1 , .
2 ?
3 .
4 .
5 , , , ?
6 ?
, .. : / .. . - .: - , 1989. 208 .
12
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7 -
| -- - | -- | -- | ||
| 0-1 | ||||
| 1-2 | ||||
| 1-3 | ||||
| - | 1-4 | |||
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| 5-6 | - | |||
| 5-7 | - | |||
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7
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| 10-12. | ||||
| 12-13 | ||||
| 11-14 | ||||
| 13-15 | - | |||
| 14-16 | ||||
| 14-17 | -, | |||
| 16-18 | ||||
| - - | 19-20 | |||
| , | 20-21 | , | ||
| , | 9-22 | |||
| 22-23 | ||||
| 22-24 | ||||
| 24-25 | ||||
| 25-26 | ||||
| 26-27 | ||||
:
1 .
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, .. : / .. . - .: - , 1989. 208 .
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13
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:
:
1 , ;
2 .
: 15.005, 15.009, 15.012, 15.311, 15.000, 15.201.
1 , .
2 , :
▪ 15.004-88;
▪ 15.005-86;
▪ 15.007-88;
▪ 15.009-91;
▪ 15.012-84;
▪ 15.015-90;
▪ 15.101-98;
▪ 15.214-90;
▪ 15.309-98;
▪ 15.311-90;
▪ 15.601-98;
▪ 15.000-94;
▪ 15.011-96;
▪ 15.013-94;
▪ 15.109-93;
▪ 15.111-97;
▪ 15.201-2000.
3 , .
: ; ; .
1 .
2 .
3 , .
4 .
. . - , :
♦ , ;
♦ , , ;
♦ ;
♦ ;
♦ , .
:
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♦ , .
Hapy c oco aopa, opee cpo coa oo ex (cooae aoapoaoo poepoa, cpec ceo ex ..), aoe eco aae paoaa opaa papao ocao e a pooco, o paaec eo aoec cex yaco oo poecca eo opoe a eo ocyecee. o e cy ccea papao ocao poy a pooco (CP).
Ocoooaa caapo o cce OCT 15.000-96 apao ocao poy a pooco. Ocoe ooe ycaoe ceye ca CP:
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1) apaoa execoro aa;
2) cepa execo oyea;
3) cae ooo opaa;
4) opoe ca cepo ycaeo poy.
eoe opeeee papao ocao poy eoo, ceporo accooo ooe a pooco ooo ycao o opo poee pao a ao ca.
Cceo ycaoeo ae, o poy, oeaa papaoe ocaoe a pooco, o execoy ypo aecy oa cooecoa peoa ce aeop aeca a oe ee ocoe, pe papao oe apapoa oooc yca ao poy.
poecce papao ooe poy cepca, x opaa pep cya po aaa, papaoa ooe.
aa a ocoa ye opeoce, copeex oce ay ex cocae ae ay papaoy, coepay ocoe exo-ooece peoa poy, opeoc poy p. aa ece oeceoc a aee peoa ao yacye o cex cax coa poy.
Papao papaaae exece aa, coacye x c aepecoa opaa, papaaae eoxoy execy oyea, oeae a pa op aaoo, ex apy execoro ypo aeca poy, opaye peoe ca ox opao poy. O ocyece aop a ocoee ooee e cpoo cooec c execo oyeae, peoa caapo execx yco.
ooe coacoae execoe aae, pae yace paccope execo oyea a poy oeceae ee ooee c peee epeoo exoo, aao ao oece. O opaye opo epoece ca py oeceae coepeeoe ce c pooca ycapee poy.
eec aoepa paoa o coepecoa cce. a paoa apaea, c oo copo, a oee peoa oooe pooca, ypee cce ocyapcex ca, a c pyo, - a paoaoe ypoee opa papao, coacoa yepe execo oyea.
:
1 , , ?
2 ?
3 ?
4 ?
5 ?
6 ?
7 ?
8 ?
9 ?
10 ?
11 ?
12 ?
13 ?
14 ?
1 15.005-86 . . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 1986.
2 15.009-91 . . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 1992.
3 15.012-84 . . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 1984.
4 15.101-98 . - . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 1999.
5 15.309-98 . . . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 1998.
6 15.311-90 . . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 1990.
7 15.000-94 . . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 1984.
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8 15.201-2000 . - . . - M.: occaap Pocc: -o caapo, 2001.
14
2
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2 ;
3 .
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1 .
2 , .
3 .
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2 .
3 .
4 .
poecce opoa exo-ooeco opa eoxoo pe e aa: ooao ooa a opye oe a opa o cocax opyeoo oea.
Cyecye ecoo eoo opoa. Paccop eoope x.
Pecpao eo opoa ec aoee poc. p o eoe a oe cxooo opyeoo oeca (M) ooaaec c oo eyeo oepa. Co, cooae opaoa eyeo oepa (oa), opay aa oa, a co pax coo aae aa ocoae oa. Ec opoa coy, apep, 10 apacx p (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), o o opay aa oa, a co 10 ec ocoae oa. a oa opeeec co papo ao. Ko, ce oa oopx e oaooe co papo ao, aac paoep. co oeo, oope oo aopoa paoep oo, opeeec opyo
M= nr,
e M - opyeoe oecc;
n - ocoae oa;
r - a (aoc) oa.
p ooao opeee oea pecpao eo oaae aoe pocoo oeceae aoee pocoe pcoee oo oea exo-ooeco opa, oc poecce ee accaopa. Cyece eocao pecpaooo eoa opoa - ocyce ooeo opa o oee. o ycoe poecc oca accaope yoo ea p ocyc eo oa, ooy pecpao eo coyec opoa eox oeo opa.
Kaccao eo opoa ocoaec a opeeeo ccee acca oeo exo-ooeco opa. o cceo acca oa cooyoc apaee ycaoex pao, a ocoe oopx pooc pacpeeee oeo opyeoo oeca o accao pypoa. Ta paa p acca eae a oy eoepeca opa ea, ocpye ee oepxoc ea, aoo .. eee opyeoo oeca pooc a ypo, aoy oopx cooecye opeee pa.
Ha epo ypoe acca opyeoe oeco oeo (M) paaec o opeeeoy pay a n1 pypoo; a opo ypoe aa accaoa pypoa peyero ypo paaec a n2 pypoo: e ca opayc accaoe pypo opoo ypo ee .. (pc 10). Oee co ypoe ee (K) oc aae y acca, a e n n2,n3, , nk c ocoae ee a epo, opo ocex ypox ee. Ocoae ee oe pa e oo p epexoe o ypo ypo, o p paee ao pypo oo ypo: oao ae ceo opoa coyec acca c oco ocoae ee, o oycoeo yoco opoa accaox pypoo.
Ec acca coyc cooee pa (a ocey ac o peyeo), o oceoaeoc x cooa a ypox acca cpoo opeeea, a a
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Pc 10 - epapxeca acca opyex oeo
a ocey pa oeceae aey opea oea. Hecooee pa y pacooe o ypo acca pooo, a a o xapaepy oe c pax, e acx py o pya copo. pepo cooex pao acca c opao, acc ooc, epoxoaoc oepxoc ea, o pe a paepa xapaepca ea aepa, oopoo oa ooea, c ecooe paa.
Oee oeco accaox pypoo opeee eoc accaopa E0, oopa paa
Ec e ocoae ee a ao ypoe ocoo pao n0, o E0 opeeec a cya eoepeco popecc
Macaoe co oeo, oopoe oe eo accaop, opeeec o opye
M = Ek m,
e M - opyeoe oeco;
E = 
- co oox pypoo a ocee ypoe
ee;
m - acaoe co oeo, oopoe oe eo oy pypoy accaopa.
opya cpaea p ocoo ae m n ao pypo oceeo ypo.
oecee ooeoc accaopa (oooc eo aeeo ooe o oea c o paa) peycapaec peep eoc accaopa e coox pypoo a cex ypox ee.
oce acca oeo opyeoo oeca accao pypoa accpye oea pcaa o, eo oce cyae coyc poe o. Oo o oa cooecy ypo acca, a aa - ocoa ee. Ec coyec ec o (ocoae oa 10), o p ocoa ee a epo ypoe n1 = 8(1 < 10) ocaoo ooo papa (aa) oa; ec a opo ypoe oee 10, o eee 100 oeo, o opoa accaox pypoo opoo ypo eoxoo a papa.
Ccea opoa, pa accaope, oe acaa e cpyypo opy, oopo p oaa co papo oa, cooecyx aoy ypo ee.
Ta opao, peyae acca, ocoy oopo aaaec oeca oceoaeoc pao, poecc opoa ypoaec oec oooc oy oea opee eo xapaepc (ocpye, exooece, cyaaoe pye).
Paccope e eo opoa oy aae oceoaeoo, a acca, peecya ey, epapxeco. Ko, oye a ocoe pee epapxeco acca oceoaeoo opoa, oaec ao ac oo opaoo eoc, o ceye oec eo ococa. o e pe cpyypa oa ec eco", a a oceoaeoc opyex pao cpoo cpoaa eee oa a o ypoe po eoxooc eo ee a cex pyx ypox. o o pe coo poo ee oe c e ee ox pao.
p apaeo eoe opoa coyec acea acca, coaco oopo aaoe oeco oeo (M) ec a eace py o pya pyp (ace). pypoa oee oe a ocoe apaee ycaoeoo paa. pa, ooee ocoy opaoa pax pypoo, oo e ca ey coo.
Ta, p aceo acca cocaa paoax oy cooa ae pa, a o, aoaoc, o ec poe, ceaoc .. Kopoae yaax e pao yp pypo pooc ae ceo c oo eyeo oepa (pecpao eo). Ko oea opayec ye oceoaeoo pacooe oo pypoo cooec c po cpyypo opyo, oopa ac o xapaepa peaex aa p opaoe opa. Cxea oa, ocpoeoo a ocoe apaeoo eoa opoa, peea e. p ocpoe oa cooac ceye pypo (ace):
1- - o (1 pap): 2- - aoaoc (2 papa): 3- - o ec poe (4 papa); 4- - apoc (1 pap); 5- - o-paoae (1 pap): 6- - ceaoc (4 papa).
Ta opao, cpyypa opya oa cey opao: 1+2+4+1+1+4:
1 01 3503 2 1 0309
1935. -
o o paoaeo 1.01.3503.2.1.0309.
Paccope e o xopoo pcocoe ao opao ooe oc eoxoe ee oee ace, .e. ec . Ha pae ae ceo pec oa pax eoo acca opoa.
Oa cxea eoo acca opoa oaaa a pc 11.
Mooopae oeo cooc x ao y opeoa coa cpae ocyapceo cce acca opoa exo-ooeco opa, oopa coco ecox aocax oecox accaopo (poeo cecoxoceo poy, cpoeo poy, pep opaa ..), cpe oopx o ocox ec oeco accaop poeo cecoxoceo poy (OK). OK peaae cooa cepax apoa, pooca, yea aepao-execoo cae pecae coo cceapoa co oo aeoa poy, ycaeo cooec c ecy-
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