| Verb | past tense | past participle | verb | past tense | past participle |
| begin | began | Begun | hurt | hurt | hurt |
| bind | bound | Bound | keep | kept | kept |
| bite | bit | Bitten | know | knew | known |
| blow | blew | Blown | lay | laid | laid |
| break | broke | Broken | learn | learned, learnt | learned, learnt |
| bring | brought | brought | leave | left | left |
| build | built | built | lend | lent | lent |
| burn | burned, burnt | burned, burnt | let | let | let |
| burst | burst | burst | lie | lay | lain |
| buy | bought | Bought | lose | lost | lost |
| can | could | Could | make | made | made |
| cast | cast | cast | may | might | might |
| catch | caught | Caught | mean | meant | meant |
| choose | chose | Chosen | meet | met | met |
| come | came | Come | pay | paid | paid |
| cost | cost | cost | read | read /red/ | read /red/ |
| cut | cut | Cut | ring | rang | rung |
| deal | dealt /delt/ | Dealt | rise | rose | risen |
| dig | dug | dug | run | ran | run |
| do | did | Done | say | said | said |
| draw | drew | Drawn | see | saw | seen |
| dream | dreamed, dreamt | dreamed, dreamt | sell | sold | sold |
| drink | drank | Drunk | send | sent | sent |
| drive | drove | Driven | set | set | set |
| eat | ate | Eaten | shake | shook | shaken |
| fall | fell | Fallen | shoot | shot | shot |
| feed | fed | Fed | shut | shut | shut |
| feel | felt | Felt | sing | sang | sung |
| fight | fought | Fought | sink | sank, sunk | sunk |
| find | found | Found | sit | sat | sat |
| fly | flew | flown | sleep | slept | slept |
| forbid | forbade, forbad | Forbidden | speak | spoke | spoken |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | stand | stood | stood |
| forgive | forgave | Forgiven | steal | stole | stolen |
| get | got | got (gotten AmE) | strike | struck | struck |
| give | gave | Given | swim | swam | swum |
| go | went | Gone | swing | swung | swung |
| grow | grew | Grown | take | took | taken |
| have | had | Had | teach | taught | taught |
| hear | heard | Heard | tell | told | told |
| hide | hid | hidden, hid | think | thought | thought |
| hit | hit | Hit | throw | threw | thrown |
| hold | held | Held | understand | understood | understood |
| wear | wore | worn |
WORD FORMATION
Noun formation
The endings -er, -ment, and -ation can be added to many verbs to form nouns, like this:
| -er | -ment | -ation |
| drive driver | amaze amazement | admire admiration |
| open opener | develop development | associate association |
| teach teacher | pay payment | examine examination |
| fasten fastener | retire retirement | organize organization |
John drives a bus. He is a bus driv er.
Children develop very quickly. Thei r develop ment is very quick.
A can open er is a tool for opening cans.
The doctor examined me carefully. He gave me a careful examina tion.
The endings - ity and -ness can be added to many adjectives to form nouns, like this:
|
|
|
| -ity / -ty | -ness |
| cruel cruelty | dark darkness |
| odd oddity | deaf deafness |
| pure purity | happy happiness |
| stupid stupidity | kind kindness |
Dont be so cruel. I hate cruel ty.
It was very dark. The dark ness made it impossible to see.
