1
: . .
, . , . , .
, . , . Intel 8086, . .
, .. , . , , . , 5 AL: 1011000000000101 8 - , AL. 8 . : mov AL, 5
, , .
. 2, : 0 1. , . , . , . , . (32 ) (64 ).
, . , , , .
. . .. () .
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:
0 1.
100100110(2)
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
235(8)
- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
453(10)
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
32A(16)
: (1)
P- . (): (m ), - (s ).
, 235 235(8)=2*82+3*81+5*80=2*64+3*8+5*1=128+24+5=157(10)
125,16(16)=1*162+2*161+5*160+1*16-1+6*16-2=256+32+80+0,0625+0,0234 = 368,0859(10)
101110,101(2)=1*25+0*24+1*23+1*22+1*21+0*20+1*2-1+0*2-2+
+1*2-3=46,625(10)
, .
, 0100001(2) 65(10).
, 64 * 1 + 1 * 1 = 65.
, (1). (1) , , , , . , (1)
, , , , : , .
1. , , , 0. , , .
2. , , , 0 . , , .
46,625(10)
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46,625(10)=101110,101(2)
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IV | III | II | I | 8- 16- |
A | ||||
B | ||||
C | ||||
D | ||||
E | ||||
F |
8- 3 , 16- 4 .
, 1364(8) , .
1364(8)=001 011 110 100(2)
A15(16) .
A15(16)=1010 0001 0101(2)
8- 16- , , .
, 10010100111(2) 8- .
10010100111(2)=010 010 100 111(2)=2247(8)
16-
10010100111(2)=0100 1010 0111(2)=4A7(16)
:
, ();
, ();
.
, .
: 5 ( ) 5 ( ); , , :
+00721,35500; +00000,000328: -10301,20260.
, , . N m 5 ( ) :
, = 2, m= 10 s = 6 0,015 < < 1024.
, , , . .
. , , 1, . :
(|| < 1); r ( ); .
, : +0,721355 * 103; +0,328 *10-3; -0,103012026 *105.
. , m s ( ) :
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= 2, m=22 5=10 10-300 10300. : , , 1018.
, . , . , ,.
-. . (, ) . . , , . . , (10)=3759, (2-10) =0011 0111 0101 1001. (), , . , . , + 1100, -- 1101.
, 0 + (), 1 - (). . , , 8- 8 , 255. 8- 7 , , 127. , , :
;
;
.
. , .
1. N, [N].
N=a1, a2, a3,... am, :
N>0, [N].=0, a1, a2, a3,... am;
N<0, [N].=1, a1, a2, a3,... am;
N=0 [0].=0, 0 = 1, 0
, . , , . , . , , . .
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2. N, [N].
N= a1, a2, a3,... am ā a, .. a=1, ā=0, . :
N>0, [N] =0, a1, a2, a3,... am;
N<0, [N] =1, ā 1, ā 2, ā 3,... ā m;
N=0 [0].=0,00 0 = 1,111
, , 1, , .
,
N=1011 [N]=0,1011;
N=-1011 [N]=1,0100.
3. N, [N].
N= a1, a2, a3,... am ā a, .. a=1, ā=0, . :
N 0, [N] =0, a1, a2, a3,... am;
N 0, [N] =1, ā 1, ā 2, ā 3,... ā m + 0,00 1
, ( , , ) . , .. .
,
N=1011 [N]=0,1011;
N=-1011 [N]=1,0101;
N=-0000, [N]=10,0000=0,0000 (1 )
, . :
0+0=0, 0*0=0, 0+1=1, 0*1=0, 1+1=10
: (, ) , ; , .
, . 1 0, , 0. , : , 0, . , .
, . : , .
: 10110110(2) 01000111(2)
01000111(2) 10111001(2)
10110110(2)+ 10111001(2)=01101111(2)
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
+
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
_____________
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
, , , .
1. . .
2. . .
3. . .
. | . | ||
101111(2)+87(16)-53(10)= | 85(10)+10001(2)-27(8)= | ||
1100100(2)-57(8)+3(16)= | 60(8)+10000111(2)-83(10)= | ||
46(8)+7(16)-1000111(2)= | 1100010(2)-66(8)+76(16)= | ||
10111100(2)-162(8)+28(10)= | 57(8)+7(16)- 1001101(2)= | ||
77(8)+73(16)-1001001(2)= | 1011110(2)+5(16)-111(10)= | ||
125(10)+100101(2)-42(16)= | 224(8)-110100(2)+23(16)= | ||
1101111(2)-39(10)+121(8)= | 71(16)+101101(2)-85(10)= | ||
9(16)-1100101(2)+54(8)= | 1110110(2)-4F(16)+164(8)= |
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4. . 5 . .
12,4 + 6,15 = | 5,3 +7,15 = | ||
4,6 + 3,8 = | 6,3 + 7,18 = | ||
7,3 +9,14 = | 11,6 + 9,5 = | ||
14,5 +7,3 = | 7,14 +2,6 = | ||
4,6 +7,8 = | 5,13 + 13,5 = | ||
11,1 +4,6 = | 8,4 +7,14 = | ||
13,11 +7,5 = | 11,6 + 15,3 = | ||
3,6 +8,12 = | 6,16 + 9,6 = |
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3. , ?
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