, , , . (, ). . . . , . , , , , . . , . , . . , . , . , , . , . .
, 25 2000 Great Rift Valley (Aiello & Collard, 2001). , , Orrorin tugenensis, , 6 . . , , , . , , , , . Ardipithecus ramidus, 5,5-4,4 (Woldegabriel, Haile-Selassie, Renne, Hart, Ambrose, Asfaw, Heiken & White, 2001; White, Suwa & Asfaw, 1994). , , . , , , , , , . , , , . , . 4,2 Australopithecus anamensis (Leakey, Feibel & McDougall, 1995; Culotta, 1995). , , . Australopithecus anamensis . .
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3,9-3 Australopithecus afarensis (Johansen & Edey, 1981). , , . afarensis , . 375 500 . Afarensis , . . , afarensis , , . afarensis - 1 1,5 . , . , . , . Australopithecus afarensis, , . .
1999 , , , 3,5 . . - . , , , , , . Kenyanthropus platyops, . . . Kenyanthropus platyops , Australopithecus afarensis , . , Kenyanthropus platyops , Australopithecus anamensis, 4,4 . , , . Kenyanthropus platyops , , , , , , Australopithecus afarensis, , , , , . , , 3,5 , , , .
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, , , . . , , , (Leakey & Harris, 1987). , , . , , . , , . , , . , , . 3,6 , . . Australopithecus, Kenyanthropus platyops - .
3 Australopithecus africanus (Johanson & Shreeve, 1989). Africanus afarensis, , 420 500 . , . africanus , , . africanus afarensis. Australopithecus africanus, , . , , , . africanus . , , . Africanus afarensis - ( ). , . Paranthropus Australopithecus.
Australopithecus aethiopicus (Paranthropus aethiopicus) 2,6 (Leakey & Lewin, 1992). . , , . 410 . 2 . Australopithecus robustus (Paranthropus robustus), Australopithecus boisei (Paranthropus boisei), . robustus , , , . , , . 520 . , robustus . Australopithecus boisei (Paranthropus boisei). robustus , . Robustus 1,5 , boisei , . . , .
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2,75 [gracile] [robust] (Vrba, 1996). . , . , , , , . , (. 2.1).
. 2.1. , .
( What's human about the human brain by T. Preuss, from The New Cognitive Neurosciences, 2nd edition, Fig. 84.1, 2000 by The MIT Press. MIT Press.)