F = qE, 1 2 L 12.
2 1, 21 , 12 = A21. L1 L2, ,
12 (L1)+21(L2)= 12 (L1)-12(L2) (1)
(1) .
12 (L1) = 12(L2) (2)
, , .
, , . .
. , (+1) , . , 1 2, ( ) 1 2 U12= ∆φ= φ2- φ1.
, F = q, q =1,
12=ò FSdS,
U12 =ò FSdS =ò SdS, (3)
dS - , S - .
q,
12 =qU12. (4)
2 "", . . , . 1. : φ , .
, , . : . (3) ,
∮SdS =0. (5)
.. .
(4) (, ) .
U=A/q, 1 =1 /1 . (6)
1 2 1 , 1 1 .
(4) ( , ..), . , 1 .
1 =1,610-19 1/1=1,610-19=1,610-12 .
