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2004 .

621.81.

- " " 150700, 150800, 170900 / .., .., Ը .., .. , , 2004.- 18 .

, 8 11 2004.

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33.33.2002 6084 1.16

. . . . 1,13

400 .

 

 

, 2004.

..................................... 3

1. ................... 4

2. ..................... 9

................................. 13

................................ 14

 

 

, . , .

.

, , .

, .

, .

. , 16532-70, 16530-83 16531-83 21354-75

.

.

 

1. .

 

, , , , .. .

.

 

1.1. .

, . , , 2030 .

 

1.2.

] i = (σ lim bi / Si) KLik ] i = (σ0 F lim bi / SF i) KFCi KFLi,

i = 1,2 ; i = 1 , i = 2 ;

σ lim bi - ;

σ F lim bi -

;

Si -

;

SFi - .

σ lim bi σ F lim bi 1.

KHL KFL .

KHLi = (NHOi / NHEi)1/6; KFLi = (NFOi / NFEi)1/ m;

NHOi, NFOi - ;

NHEi, NFEi - ;

m = 6 -

( < 350);

m = 9 - ( > 350).

NHOi = 30 .

, , NFOi = 4106, NFOi = 3106.

, , , ,

NHEi = NFEi = 60 ni tΣ,

ni - , /;

tΣ, ( ), ;

tΣ = L 365 24 ,, L - , ;

, .

NHEi > NHOi NFEi > NFOi, KHLi =1 KFLi =1.

KHLi = (NHOi / NHEi)1/6 ≥2,4, KHLi = 2,4.

KFLi =(NFOi / NFEi)1/6 ≥2, KFLi = 2.

KFLi =(NFOi / NFEi)1/9 ≥1,6, KFLi = 1,6.

, ( ) , , KHL KFL . NHE NFE [1,2, 3]. KFCi (, ):

KFCi = 1 ;

KFCi = 0,70,8 .

 

1.3. , .

Z1 > 17, Z1 > 17 cos³ β.

Z2 = Z1 i12,

i12 (

);

β -

(815º), (2545º)

u = Z2 / Z1 Z1 Z2, , , 3%.

 

1.4.

w = (u +1){0,78 2 cos β. 1 2 /([σ ] u)2 Ψb ( 1+ 2)}1/3,

2 , ͷ;

Ψb , 2;

- ,

, ;

= 1,2

< 350 = 1,35 350;

1, 2

;

] - .

:

(β = 0) [σ ] = [σ ] min,

(β ≠ 0) (1 2 ≥70)

] = 0,45 ([σ ] 1 + [σ ] 2),

] 1, [σ ] 2

;

] min - [σ ] 1 ] 2

, [σ ] < 1,23 [σ ] min.

1.5.

mn =2 w cos β /(Z1 + Z2)

mn 310-76 (. 3).

 

1.6.

w = 0,5 (Z1 + Z2) m n /cos β.

. 4.

 

1.7.

β = arcos [0,5 (Z1 + Z2) mn / aW ].

 

1.8.

d1 = mn Z1 / cos β.

d2 = mn Z2 / cos β.

da1 = d1 + 2 mn.

da2 = d2 + 2 mn.

df 1 = d1 2,5 mn.

df2 = d2 2,5 mn.

b2 = Ψbd w.

b1 = 1,12 b2.

Ψbd = b2 / d1.

 

1.9.

V = (π d1 n1) / 60 000,

n1 , /.

 

1.10. V , 5.

 

1.11.

= α β v,

α , ;

α = 1,

6;

β , ,

7;

V ,

, 8.

 

1.12.

σ =Zε{4,3512cosβ2αβv(u+1)/(1+2)d22b2}1/2≤[ σ ],

 

Zε , ; α = 20º, = 0,9 = 0,8.

] , 3%, ..

= (σ - [σ ])/ [σ ] 100% < 3%,

.

> 3%, W, , [σ ]. .

 

1.13. ,

Ft = 2 2 / d2.

Fr = Ft tgα / cos β.

Fa = Ft tg β.

 

1.14

 

σ F = (YF Yβ Ft α F β F v)/ b2 mn ≤ [σ F ]

 

YF ; 9

ZV,

ZV = Z / cos³ β;

Yβ - , Yβ = 1- β /140;

Fα ;

Fα = 1,

Fα 10;

;

11;

Fv - ;

12.

, (σ F / YF) .

, 3%, ..

= {σF - [σF]}/[σF] 100% < 3%,

.

> 3%, mn b2, , [σ F ]. .

 

1.15. σ FF ]. mn W Z1 Z2. Z1 Z2 w ― , , .

.

 

1.15.1. mn 3.

 

1.15.2.

ZΣ = Z1+Z2, ZΣ = 2 w cos β / mn.

1.15.3.

Z1 = ZΣ / (i12 + 1), Z2 = Z1 i12.

Z1 Z2 .

 

1.15.4. u = Z2 /Z1.

 

1.15.5. 1.6 ― 1.14.

 

 

2. .

 

. :

n1 = 1500 /.

i12 = 3,55.

1 = 19100 ͷ.

2 = 65770 ͷ.

. .

L = 5 .

= 0,8; = 0,5.

.

 

2.1. .

2.1.1. . , 1 . 40, 245, σ lim b1 = 560 , S1 = 1,1; σ0 F lim b2 = 440 , SF1 = 1,6; 45, =190, σ lim b2 = 455 , S2 = 1,1; σ 0 F lim b2 = 350 , SF2 = 1,65.

 

2.1.2. .

NHO1 = 30 2,4 = 30 2452,4 = 1,6 107;

NHO2 = 30 1902,4 = 8,8 106;

NFO1 = NFO2 = 4 106

tΣ = L 365 24 = 5 365 0,8 24 0,5 = 17520

NHE1 = NFE1 = 60 n1 tΣ = 60 1500 17520 = 1,58 109

NHE2 = NFE2 = 60 n1 tΣ / i1,2 =60 1500 17520 / 3,55 = 4,45 108

KHL1 = KHL2 =1, NHE1 > NHO1

NHE2 > NHO2; KFL1 = KFL2 =1, NFE1 > NFO1 NFE2 > NFO2.

KFC1 = KFC2 =1, .

]1= (σ lim b1 / SH1) KHL1 = (560 / 1,1) 1= 509 ,

]2= (σ lim b2 / SH2) KHL2 = (455 / 1,1) 1= 414 .

F]1= (σ 0F lim b1 / SF1) KFC1 KFL1 = (440/ 1,6) 1 1= 275 ,

F]2= (σ0F lim b2 / SF2) KFC2 KFL2 = (350/ 1,65) 1 1= 212 .

 

2.1.3. .

β = 11º.

Z1 >17cos³ β =17cos³11º=16,08.

Z1 = 16.

Z2 = Z1 i12 = 16 3,55 = 56,8 Z2 = 57.

u = Z2 / Z1 = 57/16 = 3,56.

(u - i12)/ i12 100% = (3,56 3,55)/3,55 100% = 0,35%,

.

 

2.1.4. .

W = (u +1){0,78 2 cos β 1 2 / ([σ ] uΨb (1 + 2)}1/3 =

= (3,56+1){0,78657701,2cos11º2,11052,1105/(4143,56)²0,25(2,1+2,1)105 = 103,47.

 

H = 1,2;

1 = 2 = 2,1105 (. 1).

] = [σ ] min = [σ ] 2 = 414 .

Ψba ≤ 350 2 Ψba = 0,250.

 

2.1.5.

mn = (2 aw cos β)/(Z1 + Z2) = 2 03,47 cos11º (16+57) = 2,78 .

3 mn = 2,75 .

 

2.1.6.

w = 0,5(Z1 + Z2) mn /cos β = 0,5(16+57) 2,75/cos11º = 102,25 .

w = 102 .

 

2.1.7.

β =arccos[0,5(Z1 + Z2) mn / w ]=arccos0,5(16+57)2,75/102=10,241º =10º14´29″.

 

2.1.8 .

d1 = mn Z1 / cos β = 2,75 16 / cos 10º14´29″ = 44,712 ;

d2 = mn Z2 / cos β = 2,75 57 / cos 10º14´29″ = 159,288 .

da1 = d1 + 2 mn = 44,712 + 2 2,75 = 50,212 ;

da2 = d2 + 2 mn = 159,288 + 2 2,75 = 164,788 .

df1 = d1 - 2,5 mn = 44,712 2,5 2,75 = 37,837 ;

df2 = d2 - 2,5 mn = 159,288 2,5 2,75 = 152,413 .

b2 = Ψba w = 0,25 102 = 25,5 , b2 = 25.

b1 = 1,12 b2 = 28 .

Ψbd = b2 / d1 = 25 / 44,712 = 0,56.

 

2.1.9.

v = (π d1 n1)/60 000 = (π44,7121500)/60 000 = 3,61 /.

 

2.1.10. , 5,8 .

2.1.11.

= 1,09 6;

= 1,06 7;

Hv = 1,04 8.

 

2.1.12.

σ = Zε {4,35 1 2 cos β 2 α β v (u +1)/(1 + 2) d2 b2 }1/2 =

=0,8{4,35(2,1105)2cos10º14´657701,081,061,04(3,56+1)/(2,1+2,1)105(159,288)²25=

= 401,47 ≤ [σ ] = 414 .

Zε = 0,8 - , ,

α = 20º.

 

2.1.13. ,

Ft = 2 2 / d2 = 2 65770 / 159,288 = 825,79 .

Fr = Ft tg 20º/cos β. = 825,79 tg 20º / cos 10º14´29″ = 305,42 .

Fa = Ft tg β = 825,79 tg 10º14´29″ = 149,19 H.

 

2.1.14. YF1 YF2

YF1 = 4,28 9 ZV1 = Z1 cos³ β = 16 / cos³ 10º14´29″ = 15,2;

YF2 = 3,65 9 ZV2 = Z2 cos³ β = 57 / cos³ 10º14´29″ = 54,3.

 

2.1.15.

Yβ = 1- β / 140 = 1 10,24138/140 = 0,926.

 

2.1.16. = 0,91 10;

= 1,12 11;

Fv = 1,11 12.

2.1.17.F ]/ YF

[ σ F ] 1 / YF1 = 275 / 4,28 = 64,25 ;

[ σ F ] 2 / YF2 = 212 / 3,65 = 58,08 .

2.1.18. , .. {[σ F ] 2 / YF2 }< {[σ F ] 1 / YF1 }

σ = (2 β α β ).(2 ) =

=(3,650,926825,190,911,121,11)/(252,75) = 45,89 ;

σ F = 45,89 < [σ F ] 2 = 212 .

 

2.1.19. Z1 Z2 mn w.

3 mn = 1,5 .

 

2.1.20. ZΣ = Z1 + Z2

ZΣ = 2 W cos β / mn = 2 102 cos 10º14´29″ / 1,5 = 133,8.

 

2.1.21.

Z1 = ZΣ / (i12 +1) = 133,8 / 3,55 + 1 = 29,4 Z1 = 29.

Z2 = Z1 i12 = 29 3,55 = 102,95 Z2 = 103.

 

2.1.22.

u = Z1 / Z2 = 103 / 29 = 3,5517.

u i12 .

 

2.1.23.

β = arccos [ 0,5 (Z1 + Z2) mn / W ] =

= arcos [ 0,5 (29 + 103) 1,5 / 102 ] = 13,93055º = 13º55′50″.

 

2.1.24.

d1 = mn Z1 / cos β = 1,5 29 / cos 13º55′50″ = 44,818 ;

d2 = mn Z2 / cos β = 1,5 103 / cos 13º55′50″ = 159,182 ;

da1 = d1 + 2 mn = 44,818 + 2 1,5 = 47,818 ;

da2 = d2 + 2 mn =159,182 + 2 1,5 = 162,182 ;

df1 = d1 2,5 mn = 44,818 2,5 1,5 = 41,068;

df2 = d2 2,5 mn = 159,182 2,5 1,5 = 155,432 ;

b2 = 25. b1 = 28 Ψbd = 0,62.

 

2.1.25.

σ =0,8{[4,352,11052,1105cos13º55´657701,091,06]/[(2,1+2,1)105(159,182)²25]}1/2=

= {1,04(3,55+1)}1/2 = 401,39 < [σ ] = 414 .

2.1.26.

Ft = 2 2 / d2 = 2 65770 / 159,182 = 826,35 ;

Fr = Ft tg α / cos β = 826,34 tg 20º / cos 13º55´50″ = 309,88 ;

= β = 82634 13º55´50″ = 20497

 

2.1.27. YF1 YF2

YF1 = 3,90 ZV1 = Z1 cos3 β = 29 cos313º55´50″ = 26,5;

YF2 = 3,60 ZV2 = Z2 cos3 β = 103 cos3 13º55´50″ = 94,1.

2.1.28.

Yβ = 1- β /140 = 1 13,93055 / 140 = 0,90.

2.1.29.

= 0,91; = 1,12; FV =1,11.

 

2.1.30.

F ] 1 / YF1 = 275 / 3,90 = 70,51 ;

F ] 2 / YF2 = 212 / 3,60 = 58,88 .

2.1.31. , ..

σ F = (3,600,90826,340,911,121,11)/(251,5) = 80,82 .

σ F = 80,82 < [σ F ] 2 = 212

, , .

 

 

1. .., Ը ... .. : . : , 1985.

2. .., .., Ը .., .. : . .: , 1990.

3. .. . .: , 1991.

4. : / . .. .: , 1988.

5. : / ....-.:,1984.- 400 .

6. : / . .. .: , 1984.

7. : / . .. .: , 1989.

8. .., .., .. . .: , 1979.

9. .. : .- . 2003.

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 


 

 

 

 

 


 




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