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33.33.2002 6084 1.16
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1. ................... 4
2. ..................... 9
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. , 16532-70, 16530-83 16531-83 21354-75
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1. .
, , , , .. .
.
1.1. .
, . , , 2030 .
1.2.
[σ ] i = (σ lim bi / Si) KLi [σ k ] i = (σ0 F lim bi / SF i) KFCi KFLi,
i = 1,2 ; i = 1 , i = 2 ;
σ lim bi - ;
σ F lim bi -
;
Si -
;
SFi - .
σ lim bi σ F lim bi 1.
KHL KFL .
KHLi = (NHOi / NHEi)1/6; KFLi = (NFOi / NFEi)1/ m;
NHOi, NFOi - ;
NHEi, NFEi - ;
m = 6 -
( < 350);
m = 9 - ( > 350).
NHOi = 30 .
, , NFOi = 4106, NFOi = 3106.
, , , ,
NHEi = NFEi = 60 ni tΣ,
ni - , /;
tΣ, ( ), ;
tΣ = L 365 24 ,, L - , ;
, .
NHEi > NHOi NFEi > NFOi, KHLi =1 KFLi =1.
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KHLi = (NHOi / NHEi)1/6 ≥2,4, KHLi = 2,4.
KFLi =(NFOi / NFEi)1/6 ≥2, KFLi = 2.
KFLi =(NFOi / NFEi)1/9 ≥1,6, KFLi = 1,6.
, ( ) , , KHL KFL . NHE NFE [1,2, 3]. KFCi (, ):
KFCi = 1 ;
KFCi = 0,70,8 .
1.3. , .
Z1 > 17, Z1 > 17 cos³ β.
Z2 = Z1 i12,
i12 (
);
β -
(815º), (2545º)
u = Z2 / Z1 Z1 Z2, , , 3%.
1.4.
w = (u +1){0,78 2 cos β. 1 2 /([σ ] u)2 Ψb ( 1+ 2)}1/3,
2 , ͷ;
Ψb , 2;
- ,
, ;
= 1,2
< 350 = 1,35 350;
1, 2
;
[σ ] - .
:
(β = 0) [σ ] = [σ ] min,
(β ≠ 0) (1 2 ≥70)
[σ ] = 0,45 ([σ ] 1 + [σ ] 2),
[σ ] 1, [σ ] 2
;
[σ ] min - [σ ] 1 [σ ] 2
, [σ ] < 1,23 [σ ] min.
1.5.
mn =2 w cos β /(Z1 + Z2)
mn 310-76 (. 3).
1.6.
w = 0,5 (Z1 + Z2) m n /cos β.
. 4.
1.7.
β = arcos [0,5 (Z1 + Z2) mn / aW ].
1.8.
d1 = mn Z1 / cos β.
d2 = mn Z2 / cos β.
da1 = d1 + 2 mn.
da2 = d2 + 2 mn.
df 1 = d1 2,5 mn.
df2 = d2 2,5 mn.
b2 = Ψbd w.
b1 = 1,12 b2.
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Ψbd = b2 / d1.
1.9.
V = (π d1 n1) / 60 000,
n1 , /.
1.10. V , 5.
1.11.
= α β v,
α , ;
α = 1,
6;
β , ,
7;
V ,
, 8.
1.12.
σ =Zε{4,3512cosβ2αβv(u+1)/(1+2)d22b2}1/2≤[ σ ],
Zε , ; α = 20º, Zε = 0,9 Zε = 0,8.
[σ ] , 3%, ..
= (σ - [σ ])/ [σ ] 100% < 3%,
.
> 3%, W, , [σ ]. .
1.13. ,
Ft = 2 2 / d2.
Fr = Ft tgα / cos β.
Fa = Ft tg β.
1.14
σ F = (YF Yβ Ft α F β F v)/ b2 mn ≤ [σ F ]
YF ; 9
ZV,
ZV = Z / cos³ β;
Yβ - , Yβ = 1- β /140;
Fα ;
Fα = 1,
Fα 10;
Fβ ;
11;
Fv - ;
12.
, (σ F / YF) .
, 3%, ..
= {σF - [σF]}/[σF] 100% < 3%,
.
> 3%, mn b2, , [σ F ]. .
1.15. σ F [σ F ]. mn W Z1 Z2. Z1 Z2 w ― , , .
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1.15.1. mn 3.
1.15.2.
ZΣ = Z1+Z2, ZΣ = 2 w cos β / mn.
1.15.3.
Z1 = ZΣ / (i12 + 1), Z2 = Z1 i12.
Z1 Z2 .
1.15.4. u = Z2 /Z1.
1.15.5. 1.6 ― 1.14.
2. .
. :
n1 = 1500 /.
i12 = 3,55.
1 = 19100 ͷ.
2 = 65770 ͷ.
. .
L = 5 .
= 0,8; = 0,5.
.
2.1. .
2.1.1. . , 1 . 40, 245, σ lim b1 = 560 , S1 = 1,1; σ0 F lim b2 = 440 , SF1 = 1,6; 45, =190, σ lim b2 = 455 , S2 = 1,1; σ 0 F lim b2 = 350 , SF2 = 1,65.
2.1.2. .
NHO1 = 30 2,4 = 30 2452,4 = 1,6 107;
NHO2 = 30 1902,4 = 8,8 106;
NFO1 = NFO2 = 4 106
tΣ = L 365 24 = 5 365 0,8 24 0,5 = 17520
NHE1 = NFE1 = 60 n1 tΣ = 60 1500 17520 = 1,58 109
NHE2 = NFE2 = 60 n1 tΣ / i1,2 =60 1500 17520 / 3,55 = 4,45 108
KHL1 = KHL2 =1, NHE1 > NHO1
NHE2 > NHO2; KFL1 = KFL2 =1, NFE1 > NFO1 NFE2 > NFO2.
KFC1 = KFC2 =1, .
[σ]1= (σ lim b1 / SH1) KHL1 = (560 / 1,1) 1= 509 ,
[σ]2= (σ lim b2 / SH2) KHL2 = (455 / 1,1) 1= 414 .
[σF]1= (σ 0F lim b1 / SF1) KFC1 KFL1 = (440/ 1,6) 1 1= 275 ,
[σF]2= (σ0F lim b2 / SF2) KFC2 KFL2 = (350/ 1,65) 1 1= 212 .
2.1.3. .
β = 11º.
Z1 >17cos³ β =17cos³11º=16,08.
Z1 = 16.
Z2 = Z1 i12 = 16 3,55 = 56,8 Z2 = 57.
u = Z2 / Z1 = 57/16 = 3,56.
(u - i12)/ i12 100% = (3,56 3,55)/3,55 100% = 0,35%,
.
2.1.4. .
W = (u +1){0,78 2 cos β 1 2 / ([σ ] u)² Ψb (1 + 2)}1/3 =
= (3,56+1){0,78657701,2cos11º2,11052,1105/(4143,56)²0,25(2,1+2,1)105 = 103,47.
H = 1,2;
1 = 2 = 2,1105 (. 1).
[σ ] = [σ ] min = [σ ] 2 = 414 .
Ψba ≤ 350 2 Ψba = 0,250.
2.1.5.
mn = (2 aw cos β)/(Z1 + Z2) = 2 03,47 cos11º (16+57) = 2,78 .
3 mn = 2,75 .
2.1.6.
w = 0,5(Z1 + Z2) mn /cos β = 0,5(16+57) 2,75/cos11º = 102,25 .
w = 102 .
2.1.7.
β =arccos[0,5(Z1 + Z2) mn / w ]=arccos0,5(16+57)2,75/102=10,241º =10º14´29″.
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2.1.8 .
d1 = mn Z1 / cos β = 2,75 16 / cos 10º14´29″ = 44,712 ;
d2 = mn Z2 / cos β = 2,75 57 / cos 10º14´29″ = 159,288 .
da1 = d1 + 2 mn = 44,712 + 2 2,75 = 50,212 ;
da2 = d2 + 2 mn = 159,288 + 2 2,75 = 164,788 .
df1 = d1 - 2,5 mn = 44,712 2,5 2,75 = 37,837 ;
df2 = d2 - 2,5 mn = 159,288 2,5 2,75 = 152,413 .
b2 = Ψba w = 0,25 102 = 25,5 , b2 = 25.
b1 = 1,12 b2 = 28 .
Ψbd = b2 / d1 = 25 / 44,712 = 0,56.
2.1.9.
v = (π d1 n1)/60 000 = (π44,7121500)/60 000 = 3,61 /.
2.1.10. , 5,8 .
2.1.11.
Hα = 1,09 6;
Hβ = 1,06 7;
Hv = 1,04 8.
2.1.12.
σ = Zε {4,35 1 2 cos β 2 α β v (u +1)/(1 + 2) d2 b2 }1/2 =
=0,8{4,35(2,1105)2cos10º14´657701,081,061,04(3,56+1)/(2,1+2,1)105(159,288)²25=
= 401,47 ≤ [σ ] = 414 .
Zε = 0,8 - , ,
α = 20º.
2.1.13. ,
Ft = 2 2 / d2 = 2 65770 / 159,288 = 825,79 .
Fr = Ft tg 20º/cos β. = 825,79 tg 20º / cos 10º14´29″ = 305,42 .
Fa = Ft tg β = 825,79 tg 10º14´29″ = 149,19 H.
2.1.14. YF1 YF2
YF1 = 4,28 9 ZV1 = Z1 cos³ β = 16 / cos³ 10º14´29″ = 15,2;
YF2 = 3,65 9 ZV2 = Z2 cos³ β = 57 / cos³ 10º14´29″ = 54,3.
2.1.15.
Yβ = 1- β / 140 = 1 10,24138/140 = 0,926.
2.1.16. Fα = 0,91 10;
Fβ = 1,12 11;
Fv = 1,11 12.
2.1.17. [σ F ]/ YF
[ σ F ] 1 / YF1 = 275 / 4,28 = 64,25 ;
[ σ F ] 2 / YF2 = 212 / 3,65 = 58,08 .
2.1.18. , .. {[σ F ] 2 / YF2 }< {[σ F ] 1 / YF1 }
σ = (2 β α β ).(2 ) =
=(3,650,926825,190,911,121,11)/(252,75) = 45,89 ;
σ F = 45,89 < [σ F ] 2 = 212 .
2.1.19. Z1 Z2 mn w.
3 mn = 1,5 .
2.1.20. ZΣ = Z1 + Z2
ZΣ = 2 W cos β / mn = 2 102 cos 10º14´29″ / 1,5 = 133,8.
2.1.21.
Z1 = ZΣ / (i12 +1) = 133,8 / 3,55 + 1 = 29,4 Z1 = 29.
Z2 = Z1 i12 = 29 3,55 = 102,95 Z2 = 103.
2.1.22.
u = Z1 / Z2 = 103 / 29 = 3,5517.
u i12 .
2.1.23.
β = arccos [ 0,5 (Z1 + Z2) mn / W ] =
= arcos [ 0,5 (29 + 103) 1,5 / 102 ] = 13,93055º = 13º55′50″.
2.1.24.
d1 = mn Z1 / cos β = 1,5 29 / cos 13º55′50″ = 44,818 ;
d2 = mn Z2 / cos β = 1,5 103 / cos 13º55′50″ = 159,182 ;
da1 = d1 + 2 mn = 44,818 + 2 1,5 = 47,818 ;
da2 = d2 + 2 mn =159,182 + 2 1,5 = 162,182 ;
df1 = d1 2,5 mn = 44,818 2,5 1,5 = 41,068;
df2 = d2 2,5 mn = 159,182 2,5 1,5 = 155,432 ;
b2 = 25. b1 = 28 Ψbd = 0,62.
2.1.25.
σ =0,8{[4,352,11052,1105cos13º55´657701,091,06]/[(2,1+2,1)105(159,182)²25]}1/2=
= {1,04(3,55+1)}1/2 = 401,39 < [σ ] = 414 .
2.1.26.
Ft = 2 2 / d2 = 2 65770 / 159,182 = 826,35 ;
Fr = Ft tg α / cos β = 826,34 tg 20º / cos 13º55´50″ = 309,88 ;
= β = 82634 13º55´50″ = 20497
2.1.27. YF1 YF2
YF1 = 3,90 ZV1 = Z1 cos3 β = 29 cos313º55´50″ = 26,5;
YF2 = 3,60 ZV2 = Z2 cos3 β = 103 cos3 13º55´50″ = 94,1.
2.1.28.
Yβ = 1- β /140 = 1 13,93055 / 140 = 0,90.
2.1.29.
Fα = 0,91; Fβ = 1,12; FV =1,11.
2.1.30.
[σ F ] 1 / YF1 = 275 / 3,90 = 70,51 ;
[σ F ] 2 / YF2 = 212 / 3,60 = 58,88 .
2.1.31. , ..
σ F = (3,600,90826,340,911,121,11)/(251,5) = 80,82 .
σ F = 80,82 < [σ F ] 2 = 212
, , .
1. .., Ը ... .. : . : , 1985.
2. .., .., Ը .., .. : . .: , 1990.
3. .. . .: , 1991.
4. : / . .. .: , 1988.
5. : / ....-.:,1984.- 400 .
6. : / . .. .: , 1984.
7. : / . .. .: , 1989.
8. .., .., .. . .: , 1979.
9. .. : .- . 2003.
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