.1 , , .1.1 .1.3.
.1.1 .1.
.1
, % | : l / a | ||
< 0,1 | < 1,0 | . - , | |
: | 0,1≤ ≤ 0,5 0,5 < ≤ 1,5 1,5< ≤ 3 | 1,0 1,5 1,5 2,5 2,5 4,0 | . |
> 3 | > 4,0 | . . |
- l / a, l - , a - . , (, ..) l a.
.1.2 .2.
.2
, | |
, - . | |
- -, .4 (. ).
.1.3. .3.
.3
, vp. / vp. | |
0,6 0,6 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0, 03 0,03. |
: vp. --- ; vp. .
|
|
.2 RQD .4.
.4
RQD, % | |
RQD > 90 90 ≥ RQD ≥ 75 75 > RQD ≥ 50 50 > RQD ≥ 25 RQD < 25 |
.3 , , .3.1 .3.2.
.3.1 .5:
.5
, | |
> 80 80 20 < 20 |
.3.2 :
- () - , ;
- , , ;
- - , , ;
- - , , ;
- ( ), , , ( ).
.4 , , , , .4.1 .4.5.
.4.1 b .6.
.6
, b | |
b ≥ 80 80> b ≥ 60 60> b ≥ 30 30 > b ≥ 10 b < 10 |
:
1 (, ) .
2 (, ) - .
.4.2 b .7.
.7.
b, | |
- | b ≥ 10 10 > b ≥ 1 1> b ≥ 0,1 0,1> b ≥ 0,01 b < 0,01 |
.4.3 l .8.
.8.
l, | |
l ≥ 100 100 > l ≥ 10 10 > l ≥ 1 1> l ≥ 0,1 l < 0,1 |
|
|
.4.4 .9.
.9.
, . |
.4.5 .10.
.10.
5 | ||
5 30 | , | |
30 |
- , ( ) , , , 1,0 . - .
.5 .11.
.11.
. | ||
( ) - . | ||
- , |
- .
.6 .12.
.12
, | |
> 20 000 20 000 10 000 > 10 000 5 000 > 5 000 2 000 < 2 000 |
.7 .7 (. ).
()
,
.1 Very coarse soils ( ) , 63 .
.2 Coarse-grained soils ( ) , 50 % 0,063 ( ISO 14688[1]) 0,075 ( ASTM D 2487 [2]).
.3 Fine-grained soils ( ) , 50 % 0,063 ( ISO 14688 [1]) 0,075 ( ASTM D 2487 [2]).
.4 Liquid limit ( ), wL ISO, LL ASTM ISO/TS 17892 [3] , ASTM D 4318 [4] .
.5 Liquid limit oven dried ( ), LL O = 105 .
.6 Liquid limit non dried ( ), LLN .
.7 Plastic limit ( ), wP ISO, PL ASTM 5180 .
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|
.8 Plasticity index ( ) PI ASTM .1, IP ISO , (. .31 ).
PI = LL PL; (.1)
.9 Liquidity index ( ) IL ISO , (. .18 ).
.10 Consistency index ( ) Ic ISO
(.2)
.11 Plasticity Chart ( ) PI LL, , (. .2).
.12 Uniformity coefficient ( ), Cu , (. .25 ).
Cu .
.13 Coefficient of curvature ( ), CC (. .1).
, (.3)
d 60, d 30, d 10 , 60, 30 10% ( ) .
.14 Well graded soil ( ), W , Cu C.
.15 Poorly graded soil ( ), P , Cu C.
.16 Flow chart ( ) -, .
()
25100, ISO 14668, ASTM D 2487
.1
.1.1 , ISO 14688-2:2004 [1] ASTM D 2487-00 [2].
.1.2 , ISO 14688 [1] ASTM D 2487 [2] , , (. .1).
.1.3 ISO 14688 ASTM D 2487 .1.
.1.4 ISO 14688 ASTM D 2487 (. . .2), ( 0,063 0,075 ).
.1.5 ISO 14688 ASTM D 2487 , 5180 ISO/TS 17892-6:2004 [3] ASTM D 4318-00 [4], (. .3).
.1.6 - ( ) ( = 105 ).
.1.7 .
.1 , 25100, ISO 14688 ASTM D 2487
, | 76,2 | 6,3 | 4,75 | ||||||||||||||
, | , | , | |||||||||||||||
ISO 14688 | Large boulders | Boulders | Cobbles | Coarse gravel | Medium gravel | Fine gravel | |||||||||||
ASTM D 2487 | Boulders | Cobbles | Gravel | Sand | |||||||||||||
coarse | fine | coarse |
|
|
, | 0,63 | 0,5 | 0,425 | 0,25 | 0,2 | 0,1 | 0,075 | 0,063 | 0,05 | 0,02 | 0,0063 | 0,005 | 0,002 | |
ISO 14688 | Sand | Silt | Clay | |||||||||||
coarse | medium | fine | coarse | medium | fine | |||||||||
ASTM D 2487 | Sand | Silt | Clay | |||||||||||
medium | fine |