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THE ORIGIN OF THE MOON
By Kim Taylor
For thousands of years people have seen the Moon above them and probably wondered what its nature and origin were. So far these questions remain unanswered although many of the Moons mysteries have been unravelled. Of all the hypotheses of the Moon's origin there seem to be three most likely.
According to the fission or escape theory, the Moon is a daughter of the earth. This theory suggests that a single large planet formed where the earth is now; and as it cooled, it began to spin so rapidly that it flattened into a disk-shape, then into a sausage-shape, and finally split into two parts. The larger part became the earth, and the smaller part was flung out into orbit to become the moon.
The capture theory views the moon as a girl-friend of the earth. The moon formed separately in another part of the solar system, possibly in the asteroid belt, or perhaps outside the solar system entirely. Some time after it was formed, it passed close enough to the earth to be captured by the earth's gravity and held in orbit around it. This theory doesn't explain how the moon formed; it just explains how it got to where it is now.
The double planet theory suggests that the earth and the moon condensed into separate bodies as the solar system was forming. The moon is thus a sister of the earth; both bodies formed close together, and they remained close together ever since.
None of the three theories was particularly convincing, the explanations being uncertain and unlikely.
By 1957, when the Space Age was inaugurated with the launching of the Russian satellite Sputnik 1, theories about the moon had reached the limit imposed by earthbound observations. Any further advances in lunar study would require something new in the history of science: a massive, all-out effort to study the moon at close range, to put instruments on its surface, and to bring its rocks back to earth for analysis, that is direct exploration of the moons surface and depths.
In 1959 such investigations were begun with the moon flight of the Russian automatic probe Luna 2. One of the most important results of the flight was that it proved the absence of a magnetic field on the moon. Consequently it at once became clear that a cosmonaut could not use a compass on the moon's surface.
Since that time dozens of space probes have reached the moon and near moon space, relaying a mass of important information about our natural satellite. Rock specimens have been studied, delivered by Russian Luna automatic probes and the American Apollo expedition.
(From: Scientific Discoveries, N.Y.,
No. 11, October, 2008)
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1. Kim Taylor. The origin of the Moon. Scientific Discoveries, N.Y., No. 11, October, 2004.
The article touches upon the theories of the Moons origin.
According to the fission theory a single large planet spun so rapidly that ultimately split into two parts, the larger to become the Earth and the smaller one the Moon.
The capture theory suggests that the Moon being formed outside the solar system was captured by the Earths gravity and got in the orbit around it.
The double planet theory views the Earth and the Moon as two separate bodies initially formed close together.
It is stressed in the article that all the theories were not particularly convincing as before 1957 explanations about the Moon were limited by earthbound observations.
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It is pointed out that in 1959 a direct exploration of the Moons surface was begun with the first moon flight of the Russian automatic probe Luna 2. Since that time a lot of important information and even rock specimens have been delivered by dozens of probes.
2. Kim Taylor. The origin of the Moon. Scientific Discoveries, N.Y., No. 11, October, 2004.
The article deals with the theories of the Moons origin. It is pointed out that none of them is particularly convincing.
It is stressed that from 1959 with the first moon expedition it became possible to study rock specimens brought by probes and get a mass of important information about our natural satellite.
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1. . Kim Taylor. The origin of the Moon. Scientific Discoveries, N.Y., No. 11, October, 2004 (.).
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