GPS.
GPS (. Global Positioning System , ) , , e. ( ), , . , . . GPS-. , GPS- GPS . , . 50- . , , , , . , , , , , . 20 . 1973 DNSS, Navstar-GPS, , , GPS. 14 1974 . , 24 , , 1993 ., , GPS . GPS , . GPS , . , 1983 269 - , .
. , L1 . 2000 . . NAVSTAR . 20200 . 11 58 ; , (23 56 ). (55) . , , : 60 . , ( ) , , 4 .
1.2 . - . -, (. controller , ). , , () -̻. - 1971 . . , Texas Instruments. , -. 1976 Intel i8048. 4 , 1980 , Intel : i8051. , . i8051 128 . , 4 16- i8086. 200 , i8051, , . 8- PIC Microchip Technology
AVR Atmel, 16- MSP430 TI, 32- , ARM, ARM Limited . , Gartner Grup 2009 Renesas Electronics Freescale, Samsung, Microchip TI, . , . 1979 16- 18011, ֻ.
1.3 18273, 18274. 18273, 18274 . n- 2 . (IROM) (DROM). 18273 , , 1827- , . 16- , , . 0 1-
, -- 1 -
. 8/16- -. 590, 1810, 1816 1821. KMI827BE3 IROM DROM (, . .) .. KMI827BE3 : (Multiplier); - (ALU); (RAM); (IROM DROM); S;
(I NT) (DMA); ( ); (S1/S0) (DR/SR) -; SGN, TR, , L, Buffer RO FLAG A, FLAG , Shift. 1.4 18273. - 15 , , ALU. ALU , . () ALU. ALU, . N (Multiplier) , RAM Shift. ALU FLAG F'LAG , - uiHM . , ALU. - : . (OR), . . (AND), . (XOR), (SUB), (ADD), a (SB ), (A DC), , 1 (INC). 1 (DEC); (SHR 1), I (SHL I), 2 (SHL 2), 4 (SHL 4), (XCHG) (). (Multiplier) 16- , L; 31 - , , N. ( 15 ) , N. . 1. 1827 IROM , DROM RAM.
PC, 1, :
, PC ; PC 100, PC S. DROM RP. DROM, 001. DROM Buffer L . RP I . (RAM), . 2, (RAMI RAM2), R, , / R/W, (1, 2) - DP. 16 . RAM
DR, RAM I RAM2. DP
, . RAM L , RAMI RAM2. DPI DP , 1, .
DPh DP DPh , DPhM . SON TR, FLAG FLAG , SI SO , DR SR, .
FLAG GI.AG : () () ALU () ; ZA (ZB) I 0 ; SAO(SBO) , ; OUAO (OUB0) ALU ( ALU OUAO(OUBO) 1); OUA1 (OUB1) , ALU ; SA1 (SB1) , . SGN +1 1 SAI (SB 1) .
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( B) Di. A () DR, - DL ( DL DR ). i- . - , . , . , D- ( JK- RS- ) ( ) , . () . , , , . , , (, ). , , , . . . , . . . , . , - , . , , : , ( ) , ( ). , ( ), , .
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