6.
HX (, 2):
↔ + + - (1)
:
= (2)
+, -, . , , , , .
(2) [H+ ], [- ], [H] (1):
+ = [H+ ] ∙ +
- = [- ] ∙ - (3)
= [H ] ∙
(3) (2),:
= ∙ = ∙ (4)
.
(4) , , , , . .
= (5)
, - :
) C→ 0 i ≈ 1, → 1 ≈ ;
) I = const
i = const ( -, 1921 .),
= const = = const.
(, NaCl, KC1 .), . , - .
, , , , , - , , . , .
- (, .) . (, .).
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1) NaX C0 (NaX) C0 (1) ( = 0.01 ), , , NaCl, KC1 ., 1-3 . , NaX l .
2) V0 NaX l :
NaX → Na+ + X-
- + +
- :
β= , Kc= (6)
3) n
:
n = , (7)
.(+) = (1) - +, -
; .(- ) = (NaX) - X- ,
NaX; [H+]- .
:
.,i (H+ ) = Ci(HCl) = (8)
.,i (X- ) = Ci(NaX)= (9) (9)
Vi - i - .
[+] (-lg Ci (H+))
4) + - + :
C (H+) = [+ ] + [] = [+ ] + β ∙ [+ ][- ].
X- - X- :
C (- ) = [X- ] + [HX] = [X- ] + β ∙ [H+ ] ∙ [X- ] = [X-] ∙ (l + β ∙ [H+]).
n, :
n = = 1+ ∙ = 1 + Kc ∙ (10)
, -
, tgα = = c
. , NaH2P04 Na2HP04 , N - .
:
R-NH2 + 20 R-N3+ + - (11)
Kc = (12)
[-] =
Kc = = = β (13)
β :
R-NH2 + + R-N3+ (14)
:
n = , (15)
R-NH2 l , :
tgα = = = (16)
: .