(.1.1) :
1 ;
2 , ;
3
4 ;
5 2 3
6 ;
7 , .
: =20 B, =30 B, =64 , =43 , =31 , =25 , =52, , =14 , =1 , =2 .
: , , , ,
. 1.1.
1) , . 1.1.
, , . 2 . C D. , , . I, II III. , :
A I1+I3−I4=0;
B −I2 +I4+I5=0;
I I1(R01+R1)−I3(R3+R6)=E1;
II I1(R01+R1)+I4R4+I2(R2+R02)=E1+E2;
III I2(R2+R02)+I5R5=E2.
2) , . I, II III, IK1, IK2 IK3 , 1.1 :
IK1(R01+R1+R3+R6)+I2(R01+R1)=E1;
IK1(R01+R1)+IK2(R01+R1+R02+R2+R4)+I3(R02+R2)=E2+E1;
I2(R02+R2)+IK3(R2+R02+R5)=E2;
:
IK1(1+64+31+14)+I2(1+64)=20;
I1(1+64)+IK2(1+64+43+2+25)+IK3(2+43)=30+20;
IK2(2+43)+IK3(43+2+52)=30.
IK1110+ IK265 =20;
IK165+ IK2135+ IK345=50;
IK245+ IK397=30.
SN− .
;
:
IK2= = 0,32 A;
IK3= 0,1606 A.
:
I1=IK1+IK2=−0,0076+0,32=0,3124 A;
I2=IK2+IK3=0,32+0,1606=0,4806 ;
I3=−IK1=0,0076 ;
I4=IK2=0,32 A;
I5= IK3=0,1606 .
3) , , .
|
|
) 1, 2, . 1.2.
1 : I1/ . . .
:
R1.01=R1+R01 =64+1=65;
R2.02=R2+R02 =43+2=45 .
R36=R3+R6 =31+14=45 .
R2.02.5 = R2.02∙R5/(R2.02+R5)= 45∙52/(45+52)=24,1 ;
R2.02.54= R2.02.5+R4=24,1+25=49,1 ;
R2.02.3456= R36∙R2.02.54/(R36+R2.02.54)=45∙49,1/(45+49,1)=23,5 ;
R= R2.02.3456+ R1.01=23,5+65=88,5 .
, , :
I1/= 0,226 ;
I3/= I1/ 0,1179;
I4/= I1/ I3/= 0,226 0,1179=0,1081 .
I2/=I4/ 0,058 ;
I5/= I3/ I2/= 0,10810,058=0,0501 .
) 2 1, .. . 1.3.
:
R1.01=R1+R01 =64+1=65;
R2.02=R2+R02 =43+2=45 .
R36=R3+R6 =31+14=45 .
R1.01.36 = R1.01∙R36/(R1.01+R36)= 65∙45/(65+45)=26,6 ;
R1.01.346= R4+R1.01.36=25+26,6=51,6 ;
R1.01.3456= R5∙R1.01.346/(R5+R1.01.346)=52∙51,6/(52+51,6)=25,9 ;
R= R1.01.3456+ R2.02=25,9+45=70,9 .
, , :
I2//= 0,4231 ;
I4//= I2// 0,2124;
I5//= I2// I4//= 0,4231 0,2124=0,2107 .
I1//= I4// 0,0869 ;
I3//= I4// I1//= 0,2124 0,0869=0,1255 .
I1=I1/+I1//=0,226+0,0869=0,3129 ;
I2= I2/+I2//=0,058+0,4231=0,4811 ;
I3=I3//−I3/=0,1255−0,1179=0,0076 ;
I4=I4/+I4//=0,1081+0,2124=0,3205;
I5=I5//−I5/=0,2107−0,0501=0,1606 .
4) . :
=E1I1+E2I2=20×0,3124+30×0,4806=20,666 .
:
=I12(R1+R01)+I22(R2+R02)+I32R3+I42R4+I52R5+I32R6=
=0,31242(64+1)+0,48062(43+2)+0,00762×31+0,322×25+0,16062×52+0,00762×14=20,641 .
:
=; 20,666≈20,641.
5) 2 3 .
I1, A | I2, A | I3, A | I4, A | I5, A | |
0,3124 | 0,4806 | 0,0076 | 0,32 | 0,1606 | |
0,3129 | 0,4811 | 0, 0076 | 0,3205 | 0,1606 |
.
6) .
(. 1.4), . . R2 C D.
. I5. . 1.
R36=R3+R6=45 ;
R45=R4+R5=25+52=77 ;
R36.45 = 28,4 ;
R =R36.45+R1.01=28,4+65=93,4 .
|
|
I1= 0,2141 ;
I5=I1 0,079 .
D C. :
E2= U−I5R5,
U=E= E2+I5R5=30+0,079∙52=34,1 B.
R1.01346=R36∙R1.01/(R36+R1.01)+R4=45∙65/(45+65)+25=51,6 .
R= R1.01346∙R5/(R1.01346+R5)+R02=51,6∙52/(51,6+52)+2=27,9 ;
, ,R R2. :
I2= = =0,481 A,
. . , 2 3.
7) ADFCEA. , A , j1=0.
.
j1=0;
j4=j1 −I4R4=0−0,32∙25=−8 B;
j3=j6+E2−I2R02=−28,66+30−0,4806∙2 =0,38 ;
j5=j3+1−I1R01=0,38+20−0,3124∙1=20 B;
:
j1=j5−I1R1=20−0,3124∙64 = 0,0064 B≈0;
. , , , . 1.6.
. 1.6
(). , .
(.2.1).
:
U=110 ,
=32
:
. () : (.2.2)
. , . . , , .
(23) , . . . . .
.
, : , 200 ( ). , , J P B. , , . B Q. BQ J ( F) P R T . , : D, = =2,75 . :
|
|
u=Um*Sin(wt+yu) B f=50 . , :
Um=54 , yu= 60, R1=10 , R2=20 , L1=31,8 , L2=50,9 , C1=318 , C2=199 . . 3.1.
:
1) , , ;
2) ;
3) ;
4)
5) , ;
1) . : w = 2pf = 2∙3,14∙50 = 314 /. :
XL1 = wL1 = 314∙0,0318 = 10 ,
XL2 = wL2 = 314∙0,0509 = 16 ,
XC1 = 1/wC1 = 1/(314∙318∙10-6) = 10 ,
XC2 = 1/wC2 = 1/(314∙199∙10-6) = 16 .
2) . 3.2. . SR-135, . .
Z 2 = −jXC2 =−j16 = 16 ;
Z 3 =−jXC1 = −j10 = 10 ;
Z 4 =(R1+ R2)+jXL2 = (10+20)+j16 =30+j16= 34 .
:
U = 38,3 19,2+j33,2 B.
:
Z 124=
.
Z = Z 1234= Z 124+ Z 3= =7,86+j5,5=9,59 .
:
I = = 3,62 + j1,69 = 4 A;
Z 1
U 1= U 2= U 4= I Z 124=(3,62 + j1,69)()=2,26+j69,4=69,4 .
I 1= =6,94− j0,226=6,94 A.
I 3 = =−4,34+j0,141=4,34 A.
I 4 = =1,02+j1,77=2,04 A.
I 2 = I 3+ I 4=−4,34+j0,141+1,02+j1,77=−3,32+j1,911=3,83 A.
3). :
I = Im∙Sin(wt+yi)=4∙1,41 Sin(wt +25,03) = 5,64∙Sin(wt+25,03) A.
5) :
|
|
S = S 1+ S 2+ S 3+ S 4; =I2 Z 3+ I 12 Z 1+ I 32 Z 2+ I 42 Z 4;
(19,2+j33,2)∙(3,62 − j1,69)=42∙(−j10)+ 6,942∙ j10+4,342∙(−j16)+
+2,042∙(30 +j16);
126+j87,7=−j160+j482−j301+125+j66,6 126+j87,7 @ 125+j87,6;
6)
U R1 = I 4∙R1 = (1,02+j1,77)∙10 = 10,2+j17,7 =20,4 B;
U C1 = I ∙jXC1 = (3,62 + j1,69)∙j10 = 16,9j36,2 = 40 B
U C2 = I 3∙jXC2 = (−4,34+j0,141)∙j16 =2,26+j69,4 =69,5 B
U R2= I 4∙R2 = (1,02+j1,77)∙20 =20,4+j35,4=40,9 B;;
U L1 = I 1∙jXL1 = (6,94− j0,226)∙j10 =2,26+j69,4=69,4 B;
U L2 = I 4∙jXL2 = (1,02+j1,77)∙j16 =−28,3+j16,3=32,7 B;
= 1 / = 10 /.
. 3.3
, :
U=38 B, RA=1,88 , R=3,8 , R=3,1 ,XL=0,68 , XLC=2,57 , XC=2,2 ,
:
1) ;
2) ( );
3) , ;
4) ;
5) .
. 4.1:
, .. .
:
U A = U = 38 .
U B = 380 = 19 j32,9 .
U C = 380 = 19 + j32,9 .
:
Z = R+ jXL =1,88+j0,68 =2 ;
Z = RjXC =3,8j2,2=4,39 ;
Z C = RC+jXLC =3,1+j2,57=4,03 .
:
I A = 17,9j6,47=19 A;
I B = 0,01j8,65=8,65 A;
I C = 1,58+j9,3=9,43 A.
I A= I AB I CA =17,9j6,47(1,58+j9,3)=16,3j15,8=22,7 A;
I B= I BC I AB=0,01j8,65 (17,9j6,47) = 17,9 j2,18 =18 ;
I C= I CA I BC=1,58+j9,3(0,01j8,65)=1,57+j18=18,1 A.
4) , , :
S AB=IAB2∙ Z =192∙(1,88+j0,68)=679+j245=722 B∙A;
S BC=IBC2∙ Z =8,652∙(3,8j2,2)=284j165=328 B∙A;
S CA=ICA2∙ Z =9,432∙(3,1+j2,57)=276+j229=358 B∙A.
:
:
PA = 679 ; QA = 245 ; SA =722 ; j=19,89;
P = 284 ; Q = 165 ; S =328 ; j=30;
P = 276 ; Q = 229 ; S =358 ; j=39,66.
=2,5/ =6,0 /. . 4.2
1.4
( 5.1), .
, t=3t. uC=f(t) i=f(t).
:
C=50 , R=104 , U=50 B.
R. u=U =50 .
:
u = u+u = U U = U(1 ) = 150(1 ).
i = = =0,005 A.
:
t = RC = 104∙0,00005 = 0,5 .
t = 5t = 5∙0,5 = 2,5 c.
t=2t:
u = 50∙(1 e-2t/t) = 50∙(1 e-2t/t) = 43,2 B.
i = 0,005e-2t/t = e-2t/t = 0,000675 A=0,675 .
2.1.
|
|
2.1
t, c | t | 2t | 3t | 4t | 5t | |
uC, B | 31,6 | 43,2 | 47,5 | 49,66 | ||
i, A | 1,83 | 0,675 | 0,49 | 0,0916 | 0,0366 |
t=3t:
W = = 0,056 .
uC=f(t) i=f(t) 8.
1. . . . .- . ,1981 .
2. . . . . . ,
1978 .
3. . . , . . . . . , 1984 .
4. . . . . - . , 1984 .
5. . . . . . , 1988 .
. , . , . . - , , . .
() , . , -, . , , , , , , , , ( ), , -, . .
, , , . . . , - . , .
I . () .
1747 1753 . . , , , , , . .
1785 . .
1820 . . .
1831 . .
1873 . , .
1889 . .
1891 . - .
1912 . .
1800 1880 . .
1880 1915 . .
1900 1915 .
: , .. , , .. . .
充
1 ....
1.1 ..
1.2. ..
2. : . .....
2.1 .
2.2
2.3
充..