3. ........................................................................ 265
. . -........................................................... 269
. . ................................................................. 274
.......................................................................... 279
12. ................................................. 280
. . -.................................................................... 280
. (.) . ................................................................. 283
. . .................................................................. 287
X
. . .......................................................................... 295
........................................................................... 298
13. ............ 299
1. .................................................................. 299
2. .............................................. 303
3. .............................................. 304
4. ....................... 307
5. .......................................................... 309
6. ................................ 313
7. .................................... 315
........................................................................... 316
14.
............................................. 318
1.
............................................. 318
...................... 321
........................................ 323
- . ......... 326
, ........ 328
, ..... 331
......................................................... 331
2. -
.................................................. 332
................................. 332
........................................................................... 338
15. ....... 340
1. - ....................................... 340
2. ..........................................................................344
;
|
|
...................................................... 344
;
................................................ 349
.................................................. 354
.............,................................................. 358
..................................................... 361
........................................................................... 367
XI
............ 369
1. ................................................................ 369
2. ........................................................... 371
3. ...................................... 373
4. .................................................... 379
5. - ................................ 381
6. ................................... 386
7. ........................ 389
.......................................................................... 392
17.
: .......................... 393
1. .......................................................... 393
2. ..................................................... 394
3. ...................................................... 397
4. ......................................................... 397
5. ................................................... 400
6. .................................................................... 401
7. ........................................................... 401
8. -...................................................... 402
9. ........................... 404
10. ........................................ 405
11. ............................................................... 408
12. ............................................................ 409
13. ........................................................... 409
14. ............................. 410
15. .................................... 410
16. ....... 411
17. ................................................. 412
18. ..................... ....... .....413
19. ........................ 418
20.
.................................. 418
21. ......... 421
22. .............................................................................. 423
.......................................................................... 424
18. ...................... 428
|
|
1. ............................................... 435
2. ................................ 438
3.
............................................... 442
.......................................................................... 448
XII |
19. ....................................... 449
1. ................................................................. 449
2. .......................................... 450
3. ................................ 453
4. .................. 455
5. ....................................................... 456
6. ........................................................ 458
7. ........................................ 459
8. ....................................................................... 462
9. .................................................... 463
............................................................... _......... 464
20.
.............................................................. 465
.......................................................................... 485
21. ........................................ 489
1.
.................................................... 492
2. .................... 497
3. ................................................................ 502
4. ....................................................... 506
.......................................................................... 510
22. ......................................................... 511
1.
................................ 511
2. .
...................................................................... 512
3. .
..................................................................... 522
4. ... 531
..............................................:........................ 543
..................................................................... 548
............................................................... 554
, , .
, XIX XX , . , -, , , , -, .
, XIX .
(17981857) , , . . , , . . , , , , . , , . , . : . . , . , , , , .
|
|
XIX .
- , .
. ( ), , , . XIX . , ,
- .
, . , , - , , , . .
(18201903).
, , . .
, () : , . , , . , , , . .
______________________ _____________________ 3
, . , , , , , . .
|
|
. , , , , .
, . . , , .
. , , . , , : , .
. : , . , . , . , .
. , .
XIX XX . , . , , , : , , H, , .
,
. , .
. . . , (18411913), , , -, - . , . ( telos ), . . , . , . , : , , , . . , , , () .
(18551931) . , , , , . , , , , , , . : . , , . : , , . , . : , . : , , ; , ; , ; , . .
|
|
,
5
, , , . .
. , , , - .
XIX . , , . , , .
. , . , . . (18411931), , , , .
XIX XX . , , . , , , , , .
, (18431904), . ( , ).
, , . . , . .
, , .
. ( ). , , , , - . .
, ; . , , , , .
XIXXX . .
. , .
, , , , . , , , .
, , - , , , ; , , . , .
( ) XIX . . . . , . .
(1855
1936).;
, .
. . , , , .
( ) , , , , ,
( , ), , ( , ), .
, , , . , . , , . , , , . , . , , , .
. -, , . ., , - , . -, ,
, , .
, , , , .
(18581918). , , -
, , . , , . , , , , .
, , , .
, , , , , , , .
, , (18581917).
, , , , . , , , , . , . .
, , , , , . , , , , , . , , .
, . . , , , . .
. . .
. , , , , , , , , , . , , .
, , , . , , , .
, , , .
, .
, , , i , .
, ? , , . . , .
, , , .
, , , . -
, .
(18641920). , , , . , , , .
.
. , , , , . , : , , . ; , ( ), , - ( ) .
. , , (, - , , . .). , . (, ), ( ) . ( : , , ). , -
. , , , .
, , , . , , .
, . . , . . , , . , .
. . , : , .
() . , , .
(18481923), , , - XIX . , , . , , , .
, , , -. , , , , -
. , , , .
, ! , , .
, , , . , , . - , , . , , , .
, , . . . (18541926) , , , , , . , , . . , . : , . : , , . , , . , , , , . .
. . .
, (18401910), , . . , , . , -
_______________ ______________________ 1
. . . , . , , , . , . . , , .
(18661951) . , , . , . : - -. , , . : , , , . , ; , (, . .).
(18641944) (18861966)
. , , ,
, . . ,
,
, ,
| , , , . ,
.
, XX . , , , -
. , , , .
XX , , . , . . . , , , , . (18621931), , . . - (1881 1955) . (18861942).
, , , . , . . . , . . .
, . , . - (18821970), . (.) (18921974) . (1901 1976), , - . . - , . .
15
. . . , .
. (18941965). - . , . , , , , , . , , . , . . . . o , .
- . , - a , , , , , .
(19021979). , , (). , , [Parsons . The social system. Glencoe, 1951. P. 19].
, , , , .
, , (19051983). , , . . - , . - , , . , (. , . . , . ), , , , .
, (. 1904 .), (. 1910 .) (. 1918 .), , . , [Homans G. Social Behavior. Its Elementary Forms. N.Y., 1961; Homans G. The Nature of Social Science. N.Y., 1967].
. .
. ? . , , .
. . , , , . , , , , , , , . , , . ., . , . , , . : 1) ; 2) ; 3) , , ; 4) , , [Blau P. Exchange and Power in Social Life. N.Y., 1964. 118119].
, -
, , ( ) .
- , .
( . .: ) (18931947). .
, . .
, , . , , . , .
__________________ ______________________
, , , , . , , , . , . , , , , .
, , . , , . , , . . , . , , .
, . - . , , , . , , I . .
, 1 : . , , - i , .
. (19001980), .
21
. , , , . , . (. , . .). , , . , . , , . , , , , , . , , , .
, , , , - , , , ; , , . . , , , . , .
, (18891968). , (, , ), , , ( ) .
. -
. - - , , : , , . - , , , , . , , , , , . , , . . , . .
, , XIX (18181883) . (18201895) , .
, , . , , , .
, , . , . ., , , , , .
, . . , , , , , , , .
, , , .
- . (, , ) . . , , , . , , .
. . : - [. , , ], [. , , ; . , ], [. , ]. , , [. , , ; . , , ].
, , XX . XX . . . . (19181984),