C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals.
imagination
3. A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who:
interact
4. Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to:
identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure
5. Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology?
Economics
6. Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?
Karl Marx
7. The difference between positivism and antipositivism relates to:
whether sociological studies can predict or improve society
8. Which would a quantitative sociologists use to gather data?
- A large survey
9. Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by:
their culture
10. Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level?
Symbolic interactionism
11. Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle?
Karl Marx
12. Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism?
Herbert Blumer
13. A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to:
theatrical roles
14. Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?
Participant observation
15. Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was:
harmful
16. Studying Sociology helps people analyze data because they learn:
- interview techniques
- to apply statistics
- to generate theories
- all of the above
D
17. Berger describes sociologists as concerned with:
- monumental moments in peoples lives
- common everyday life events
- both a and b
C
18. Rodney and Elise are American students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodneys host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of:
culture shock
The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as a way to encourage social conformity.
social control
The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that
- mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture
21. Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society:
Regulates behavior
22. The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture?
Counterculture
23. Modern-day hipsters are an example of:
subculture
24. Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to:
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globalization
25. The major difference between invention and discovery is:
Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way
26. That McDonalds is found in almost every country around the world is an example of:
diffusion
27. A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the American education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using?
Conflict theory
28. The Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. Supporters believe that the economic disparity between the highest economic class and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach?
Symbolic interactionism
29. What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?
Functionalism
30. The American Dreamthe notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enoughis most commonly associated with which sociological theory?
Conflict theory
31. Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?
The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses
32. Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?
Horticultural
33. Which of the following best depicts Marxs concept of alienation from the process of ones labor?
A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way.
The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________.
God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned
35. Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbors house. Shes just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?
Role strain
According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on ________.
habitual actions
37. Paco knows that women find him attractive, and hes never found it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Pacos behavior can be best explained by the concept of ___________.
the looking-glass self
38. The Harlows study on rhesus monkeys showed that:
social comfort is more important than food
39. What occurs in Lawrence Kohlbergs conventional level?
Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral.
40. What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology?
- Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society.
- Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal functions.
- Psychologists look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward.
- All of the above
Answer
D
41. How did nearly complete isolation as a child affect Danielles verbal abilities?
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She could not communicate at all.
42. Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies?
The sample sizes are often small.
43. Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving?
Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.
44. Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion?
An individuals personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith.
45. Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles?
Infancy
46. Which of the following is true regarding American socialization of recent high school graduates?
They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation.
47. What does a Functionalist consider when studying a phenomenon like the Occupy Wall Street movement?
How the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension
48. What is the largest difference between the Functionalist and Conflict perspectives and the Interactionist perspective?
The first two perspectives address large-scale issues facing groups, while the last examines more detailed aspects.
49. What role do secondary groups play in society?
They are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical needs.
When a high school student gets teased by her basketball team for receiving an academic award, she is dealing with competing ______________.
reference groups
51. Which of the following is NOT an example of an in-group?
A high school
52. Who is more likely to be an expressive leader?
The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children
53. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate group for democratic leadership?
A fire station
54. In Aschs study on conformity, what contributed to the ability of subjects to resist conforming?
- A very small group of witnesses
- The presence of an ally
- The ability to keep ones answer private
- All of the above Correct is D
55. Which type of group leadership has a communication pattern that flows from the top down?
Authoritarian
56. Which is NOT an example of a normative organization?
A study hall
57. Which of these is an example of a total institution?
Jail
58. What are some of the intended positive aspects of bureaucracies?
- Increased productivity
- Increased efficiency
- Equal treatment for all
- All of the above Correct is D
59. What is an advantage of the McDonaldization of society?
There is more worldwide availability of goods.
60. What is a disadvantage of the McDonaldization of society?
There is less variety of goods.
During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________.
An act of deviance
A student has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students in the class by turning off her phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control.
Informal negative sanctions
63. A student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. She jumps into her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. The students actions are an example of _________.
primary deviance
64. According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?
A community where neighbors dont know each other very well
Shaw and McKay found that crime is linked primarily to ________.
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wealth
66. According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime?
Because his fame protects him from retribution
67. A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this?
The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.
68. Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States?
Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.
69. What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)?
The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones.
Jerome is able to use the internet to select reliable sources for his research paper, but Charlie just copies large pieces of web pages and pastes them into his paper. Jerome has _____________ while Charlie does not.
e-readiness
71. When it comes to technology, media, and society, which of the following is true?
Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated.
72. If the U.S. Patent Office were to issue a patent for a new type of tomato that tastes like a jellybean, it would be issuing a _________ patent?
plant patent
73. Which of the following is the primary component of the evolutionary model of technological change?
A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.
Research regarding video game violence suggests that _________.
violent video games lead to an increase in aggressive thought and behavior
When Japanese scientists develop a new vaccine for swine flu and offer that technology to American pharmaceutical companies, __________ has taken place.
technological diffusion
76. The movie Babel featured an international cast and was filmed on location in various nations. When it screened in theaters worldwide, it introduced a number of ideas and philosophies about cross-cultural connections. This might be an example of:
media globalization
77. Which of the following is not a risk of media globalization?
The creation of local monopolies
78. A parent secretly monitoring the babysitter through the use of GPS, site blocker, and nanny cam is a good example of:
panoptic surveillance
The use of Facebook to create an online persona by only posting images that match your ideal self exemplifies the_____________ that can occur in forms of new media.
social construction of reality
Tend to be more pro-technology, while _______ view technology as a symbol of the coldness of modern life.
technophiles; Luddites
81. When it comes to media and technology, a functionalist would focus on:
the way that various forms of media socialize users
When all media sources report a simplified version of the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing, with no effort to convey the hard science and complicated statistical data behind the story, ___________ is probably occurring.
gatekeeping
Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?
First-generation college student
83. Which statement illustrates low status consistency?
A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.
84. Based on meritocracy, a physicians assistant would:
earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
85. In the United States, most people define themselves as:
middle class
86. Structural mobility occurs when:
a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes
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87. The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:
class traits
88. Occupational prestige means that jobs are:
not equally valued
89. Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?
Pyramid
90. The GNI PPP figure represents:
the average annual income of a countrys citizens
91. The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:
serves a purpose in society
Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions.
denied the opportunity to obtain
93. Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?
After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.
