. , , . .
. , ,
,
/.
(), . :
1) ( , );
2) ( , .);
3) ( .).
; .
:
+ b B c C + d D.
υ= dC A /dt υ = dC B /dt ( ) υ = dCC /dt υ = dC D /dt ( ).
υ= k C A C B b, (5.1)
C A C B , /;
a b B;
k .
(5.1), k =υ, C A = C B = 1 /. , , 1 /. a b , .
( 0 ) . ,
0 : k = (C 0 -Ct)/t;(5.2)
I : k = ( 2,3 /t) lg (C 0 /C t );(5.3)
II : k = ( 1 /t)( 1 /Ct -1 /C 0 );(5.4)
III : k = ( 1 / 2 t)( 1 /Ct 2-1 /C 02) (5.5)
C 0 , /; Ct , /; t , t, .
, .
, , .
, :
A + B ↔ C + D.
, , :
|
|
.
, :
A→B→C.
K,
K = k 1 /k 2. , (5.6)
k1 k2 .
. (, , .) . , , , . , , , .
, , .
. , . -, 10 ( 100 ) - . :
k +10 /k = g = 2 4,(5.7)
k k +10 +10; g
(g = 2 4). , (0100 ):
. (5.8)
:
,(5.9)
R , (∙); R = 8,314; , /.
, .
5.1.