[Ag(CN)2]- | 1,4x10-20 | [Co(NH3)6]3+ | 5x10-36 |
[Ag(CNS)2]- | 5,9x10-9 | [Cr(OH)4]- | 1,3x10-30 |
[Ag(NO2)2]- | 1,5x10-3 | [Cu(NH3)4]2+ | 1,4x10-11 |
[Ag(NH3)2]+ | 5,7x10-8 | [Cu(OH)4]2- | 2,8x10-15 |
[Ag(S2O3)2]3- | 2,5x10-14 | [Cu(CN)4]2- | 5x10-31 |
[AgCl2]- | 9x10-6 | [Fe(CN)6]4- | 1,3x10-37 |
[AgBr2]- | 4,6x10-8 | [Fe(CN)6]3- | 1,3x10-44 |
[AgI2]- | 1,8x10-12 | [Fe(CNS)6]3- | 5,9x10-4 |
[Al(OH)4]3- | 1x10-33 | [Fe(OH)4]2- | 2,8x10-9 |
[AlF6]3- | 2x10-21 | [Hg(NH3)4]2+ | 5x10-20 |
[AuCl4]- | 5x10-22 | [HgCl4]2- | 6x10-16 |
[Au(CN)4]- | 1x10-56 | [HgBr4]2- | 1x10-21 |
[Cd(NH3)4]2+ | 2,8x10-7 | [HgI4]2- | 1,5x10-30 |
[CdCl4]2- | 2x10-2 | [Hg(CN)4]2- | 1,1x10-39 |
[CdBr4]2- | 2x10-4 | [Hg(CNS)4]2- | 5,6x10-22 |
[Cd(CN)4]2- | 8,8x10-18 | [Ni(CN)4]2- | 1x10-31 |
[Co(CN)6]4- | 8,1x10-20 | [Ni(NH3)6]2+ | 1x10-8 |
[Co(CN)6]3- | 1x10-64 | [Zn(OH)4]2- | 2x10-18 |
[Co(CNS)4]2- | 5,5x10-3 | [Zn(NH3)4]2+ | 2x10-9 |
[Co(NH3)6]2+ | 4,1x10-5 | [Zn(CN)4]2- | 1,3x10-17 |
5
IA | IIA | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | VIIIB | VIIIB | VIIIB | IB | IIB | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIIIA | |
H 2,1 | He | |||||||||||||||||
Li 1,0 | Be 1,5 | B 2,0 | C 2,5 | N 3,0 | O 3,5 | F 4,0 | Ne | |||||||||||
Na 0,9 | Mg 1,2 | Al 1,5 | Si 1,8 | P 2,1 | S 2,5 | Cl 3,0 | Ar | |||||||||||
K 0,8 | Ca 1,0 | Sc 1,3 | Ti 1,5 | V 1,6 | Cr 1,6 | Mn 1,5 | Fe 1,8 | Co 1,8 | Ni 1,8 | Cu 1,9 | Zn 1,6 | Ga 1,6 | Ge 1,8 | As 2,0 | Se 2,4 | Br 2,8 | Kr | |
Rb 0,8 | Sr 1,0 | Y 1,2 | Zr 1,4 | Nb 1,6 | Mo 1,8 | Tc 1,9 | Ru 2,2 | Rh 2,2 | Pd 2,2 | Ag 1,9 | Cd 1,6 | In 1,7 | Sn 1,8 | Sb 1,9 | Te 2,1 | I 2,5 | Xe | |
Cs 0,7 | Ba 0,9 | La* 1,1 | Hf 1,3 | Ta 1,5 | W 1,7 | Re 1,9 | Os 2,2 | Ir 2,2 | Pt 2,2 | Au 2,4 | Hg 1,9 | Tl 1,8 | Pb 1,8 | Bi 1,9 | Po 2,0 | At 2,2 | Rn | |
Fr 0,7 | Ra 0,9 | Ac** 1,1 |
* : 1,1 1,6 ** : 1,2 1,5
6 200, / | ||||||||||
% | HCI | H2SO4 | HNO3 | NaOH | KOH | NaCI | Na2CO3 | NH4OH | ||
1,003 | 1,005 | 1,004 | 1,010 | 1,008 | 1,005 | 1,008 | 0,994 | |||
1,008 | 1,012 | 1,009 | 1,021 | 1,016 | 1,012 | 1,019 | 0,990 | |||
1,018 | 1,025 | 1,020 | 1,043 | 1,035 | 1,026 | 1,039 | 0,981 | |||
1,028 | 1,038 | 1,031 | 1,065 | 1,053 | 1,041 | 1,060 | 0,973 | |||
1,038 | 1,052 | 1,043 | 1,087 | 1,072 | 1,055 | 1,081 | 0,965 | |||
1,047 | 1,066 | 1,054 | 1,109 | 1,090 | 1,070 | 1,102 | 0,958 | |||
1,057 | 1,080 | 1,066 | 1,131 | 1,110 | 1,085 | 1,125 | 0,950 | |||
1,068 | 1,095 | 1,078 | 1,153 | 1,128 | 1,101 | 1,146 | 0,943 | |||
1,078 | 1,109 | 1,090 | 1,175 | 1,148 | 1,116 | 1,170 | 0,936 | |||
1,088 | 1,124 | 1,103 | 1,197 | 1,167 | 1,131 | 0,930 | ||||
1,098 | 1,139 | 1,115 | 1,219 | 1,187 | 1,147 | 0,923 | ||||
1,108 | 1,155 | 1,128 | 1,241 | 1,207 | 1,164 | 0,916 | ||||
1,119 | 1,170 | 1,140 | 1,263 | 1,227 | 1,180 | 0,910 | ||||
1,129 | 1,186 | 1,153 | 1,285 | 1,247 | 1,197 | 0,904 | ||||
1,139 | 1,202 | 1,167 | 1,306 | 1,267 | 0,898 | |||||
1,149 | 1,219 | 1,180 | 1,328 | 1,288 | 0,892 | |||||
1,159 | 1,235 | 1,193 | 1,349 | 1,309 | 0,886 | |||||
1,169 | 1,252 | 1,207 | 1,370 | 1,330 | 0,881 | |||||
1,179 | 1,268 | 1,221 | 1,390 | 1,352 | ||||||
1,189 | 1,286 | 1,234 | 1,410 | 1,374 | ||||||
1,198 | 1,303 | 1,246 | 1,430 | 1,395 | ||||||
1,321 | 1,259 | 1,449 | 1,419 | |||||||
1,338 | 1,272 | 1,469 | 1,440 | |||||||
1,357 | 1,285 | 1,487 | 1,464 | |||||||
1,376 | 1,298 | 1,507 | 1,488 | |||||||
1,395 | 1,310 | 1,525 | 1,510 | |||||||
1,415 | 1,322 | 1,535 | ||||||||
1,456 | 1,345 | |||||||||
1,477 | 1,356 | |||||||||
1,498 | 1,367 | |||||||||
1,520 | 1,377 | |||||||||
1,542 | 1,387 | |||||||||
1,565 | 1,396 | |||||||||
1,587 | 1,405 | |||||||||
1,611 | 1,413 | |||||||||
1,634 | 1,422 | |||||||||
1,657 | 1,430 | |||||||||
1,681 | 1,438 | |||||||||
1,704 | 1,445 | |||||||||
1,727 | 1,452 | |||||||||
1,749 | 1,459 | |||||||||
1,769 | 1,466 | |||||||||
1,787 | 1,472 | |||||||||
1,802 | 1,477 | |||||||||
1,814 | 1,482 | |||||||||
1,825 | 1,487 | |||||||||
1,831 | 1,491 | |||||||||
1,835 | 1,497 | |||||||||
7
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I | |||
Cu(II) | - | Cu0 Cu (I) ( CuCl) | |
- | Cu2O Cu0 | ||
Ag(I) | - | Ag0 | |
Au(III) | - | Au0 Au(I) ( AuCl) | |
- | Au0 | ||
II | |||
Hg(II) | Hg2+ | Hg0 Hg(I): ( Hg2Cl2) | |
Hg0 Hg2O | |||
Hg(I) | - | Hg0 | |
IV | |||
PbO2, Pb3O4, K2[Pb(OH)6] | - | ѳ Pb2+, Pb(NO3)2 | |
[Pb(OH)6]2- | () | - 2[Pb(OH)4], - K2PbO2 | |
V | |||
HNO3 | NO3- | NO2 | |
HNO3 | NO3- | NO | |
NaNO2 , KNO2 | NO2 | NO | |
NaNO3 , KNO3 | NO3- | NaNO2 , KNO2 | |
NaBiO3 | NaBiO3 | ѳ ³3+ | |
- | PH3 | ||
H3AsO4, K3AsO4 | H3AsO4 | H3AsO3 | |
AsO43- | (KOH) | AsO33-, K3AsO3 | |
VI | |||
K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 | CrO42-, Cr2O72- | ѳ Cr3+ , ( CrCl3) | |
CrO42-, Cr2O72- | Cr(OH)3 | ||
CrO42-, Cr2O72- | (KOH) | - 3[Cr(OH)6], - KCrO2 | |
H2SO4 () | SO42- | SO2 | |
H2S ( 䳿 .) | |||
H2SeO4 | SeO42- | SeO2 | |
(NH4)2S2O8 () (NH4-SO3-O-1O-1-SO3-NH4) | S2O82- | (NH4)2SO4 | |
H2O2, Na2O2 | H2O, NaOH | ||
O2 | - | O-2 ( : H2O, , ) | |
S | - | S2- ( 2S ) | |
VII | |||
KMnO4 | MnO4- | Mn2+ , ( MnCl2) | |
MnO4- | MnO2 | ||
MnO4- | K2MnO4 | ||
K2MnO4 | MnO42- | Mn2+( MnCl2) | |
MnO42- | MnO2 | ||
MnO2 | - | Mn2+ ( MnCl2) | |
KClO | ClO- | Cl- ( KCl, HCl) | |
KClO2 | ClO2- | ||
KClO3 | ClO3- | ||
KClO4 | ClO3- | ||
Brn, Brn (n=1-4) | Brn-, IOn- | Br2, I2 Br-, I- (: HBr, KBr) | |
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 | - | F-, Cl-, Br-, I- (: HCl, KCl ) | |
VIII | |||
K2FeO4 | FeO42- | ѳ Fe3+ , ( FeCl3) | |
- | Fe(OH)3 | ||
Fe(III) ( Fe+3, , Fe(OH)3) | Fe3+ | ѳ Fe2+ ( FeSO4) | |
- | Fe(OH)2, Fe2+ ( FeSO4) | ||
Me2O3,MeOOH [Me= Co,Ni ] | - | ѳ Me2+ ( NiCl2, CoSO4) |
8
³ | , | |||
Me0 | - | ѳ n+ n=1- 4 | ||
(Be,Zn,Al,Sn,Pb,Cr,Sb ) | - | ѳ n+ n=1- 4 | ||
- | (: K3[Al(OH)6], K2[Zn(OH)4] ) | |||
IV | ||||
Sn(II): (ѳ Sn2+, SnO, Sn(OH)2, K2[Sn(OH)4]) | Sn2+ | Sn4+ , | ||
[Sn(OH)4]2- | - 2[Sn(OH)6], - K2SnO3 | |||
C, CO | - | 2 | ||
V | ||||
KNO2, NaNO2 | - HNO2 - NO2- | NO3-, KNO3, NaNO3 | ||
NH3 | - | N2 | ||
N2H4, N2H6SO4 | N2H62+ | N2 | ||
NH2OH, [NH3OH]Cl | NH3OH2+ | N2 | ||
P (), PH3 H3PO3 , K2HPO3 H3PO2 , KH2PO2 | 33 22- | , | H3PO4 | |
- | PO43-, K3PO4 | |||
H3AsO3, K3AsO3 | H3AsO3 | H3AsO4 | ||
AsO33- | AsO43-, K3AsO4 | |||
VI | ||||
H2S ( S-2) | H2S S2- | S0 | ||
SO2, K2SO3 | ||||
H2SO4, K2SO4 | ||||
S(IV): (SO2, H2SO3, K2SO3) | - H2SO3 - SO32- | SO42-, H2SO4, K2SO4 | ||
Na2S2O3 (Na2SO3S-2 - ) | S2O32- | S0 SO42-, H2SO4, Na2SO4 | ||
S ( ) | - | H2SO4, K2SO4 | ||
Cr(III): ( Cr3+, Cr(OH)3, K3[Cr(OH)6]) | [Cr(OH)4]2- | () | CrO42-, K2CrO4 | |
Cr3+ | Cr2O72-, . K2Cr2O7 ( .) | |||
22 | 2 | |||
VII | ||||
2 | - | H+: H2O | ||
HCl | Cl- | Cl2 | ||
HBr (KBr) | Br - | Br2 | ||
HI (KI) | I- | I2 | ||
I2 | - | HIO3 | ||
- | IO3-, KIO3 | |||
ѳ Mn2+ | Mn2+ | MnO2 | ||
Mn(OH)2 | () | MnO4-, K2MnO4 | ||
Mn2+ | MnO4-, MnO4 ( .) | |||
K2MnO4 | MnO42- | MnO4-, KMnO4 | ||
VIII | ||||
Fe(II) ( Fe2+, , Fe(OH)2) | Fe2+ | Fe3+ , | ||
- | , | Fe(OH)3 | ||
Co2+, Ni2+ | Co(OH)2, Ni(OH)2 | Co(OH)3, Ni(OH)3 |
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9