, , :
H2O + H2O ↔ H3O+ + OH−
H2O ↔ H+ + OH−
. :
, | (1) |
:
[H+] ();
[OH−] -;
[H2O] ( ) ;
, , (1000 /)/(18 /) = 55,56 /.
25 C 1,8×10−16/. (1) :
, | (2) |
K[H2O] = K = 1,8×10−16 /55,56 / = 10−14²/² = [H+][OH−] ( 25 C).
K, -, . , . C , , K, .
23.
, .
, . , , , , .
:
1. , .
2. ( ) , ( ).
, :
2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O = 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2, (1)
2Al + 2KOH + 6H2O = 2K[Al(OH)4] + 3H2. (2)
(1) (2) :
2Al + 2Na+ + 2OH- + 6 H2O = 2Na+ + 2[Al(OH)4]- + 3H2, (3)
2Al + 2K+ + 2OH- + 6 H2O = 2K+ + 2[Al(OH)4]- + 3H2, (4)
, , . . (3), (4) , :
2Al + 2OH- + 6H2O = 2[Al(OH)4]- + 3H2. (5)
, (5). , , , - , . , .
, Ag+ , ; Ba2+ SO2- .
, , .
, .
, . , . , ( ) .
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