, ,
,
5 ().
1 () 1 4.
2 () 1 4.
3 () 1 4.
4 () 5 8.
5 () 9 12.
10 ( , ), . , , . , . 1.4 . 4 C1 . . ( . 4 ..). 0 9 1- ( 1- ) .
, ; , 46, . 4 6 .
(), . : , , , , , . : , , .
( , , ). , ( ) , ( ). ; , , . , .
, .; , . ( , . .) . .
, , , .
, ( ), .
, .
. . 14 112 , , , . , (, ) , , , , ( ) . , , .
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, P 1, l 1, r 1 . . 1; 2, l 2, r 2 2 . . , uB, aB ; uC, C ; w 1, e 1 w 2, e 2 2 . . .
, () - , .
, . . .
, , , . , . . ; .
1
, (. 1.0 1.9, . 1), , , .
, = 25 . = 100 × , , (, 1 15 , D, 60 , E, . .).
A, , . = 0,5 .
. 1 . , , , , . ( ), , . , , ;
o () = mo () + mo ().
.1.0 | .1.1 |
.1.2 | .1.3 |
. 1.4 | . 1.5 |
. 1.6 | . 1.7 |
. 1.8 | . 1.9 |
1
F 1 = 10 | F 2 = 20 | F 3 = 30 | F 4 = 40 | |||||
a1, | a2, | a3, | a4, | |||||
D E H | 30 75 30 60 60 | D K H D E | 15 60 30 60 75 | E H K D K | 60 30 15 30 30 | K E E D H | 60 30 60 75 15 |
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1. ABCD (. 1) , . .
: F = 25 , a= 60, = 18 , g= 75, = 50 ×, b = 30, = 0,5 . : , .
. 1. . : , , ( = ) , , ( , ).
2. . , . . , ( = F cosa, F" =F sina) , mA () = mA (F¢)+ mA(F"). :
; (1)
; (2)
. (3)
. C1
, .
: ; YA 23,3 ; RB = 7,3 . , . 1.
2
, (. 2.0 2.5), (. 2.6 2.9). , , , ; (. 0 1), ' (. 2 3), (. 49); D DD' (. 0, 3, 8), (.. 7).
: = 60 ×, q = 20 / . , . 2; , (, 1 60 , L, 30 , , , ).
, , ( . 0, 3, 7, 8 D), . = 0,2 . . 2.
. 2 , . , , , , . , , , , , , .
. 2.0 | . 2.1 |
. 2.2 | . 2.3 |
. 2.4 | . 2.5 |
. 2.6 | . 2.7 |
. 2.8 | . 2.9 |
2
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- | |||||||||
F 1 = 10 | F 2 = 20 | F 3 = 30 | F 4 = 40 | ||||||
a1, | a2, | a3, | a4, | ||||||
K L L E H | 60 15 30 60 30 | L K L H K | 60 30 75 60 30 | H K E K L | 30 60 60 75 30 | E H K E L | 30 60 30 15 60 | CL CK AE CL CK AE CL CK CL CK |
2
. 0, 3, 5, 7, 8 | . 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 | ||
2. ABC (Ð ABC = 90), , DE (. 2, ). D , KB q .
: F = 10 , = 5 ×, q = 20 /, = 0,2 . : , , D, .
. 1. DE (. 2, ). : , , , D. :
S Fkx =0, XD + F N sin60 =0; (1)
S Fky =0, YD + N cos60 = 0; (2)
S mD () = 0, N×2a F× 5 a sin60 = 0. (3)
2. (. 2, ). , , , , KB ( Q = q × 4 = 16 ), , , ,
. 2
. :
S Fkx =0, X + Q cos60 + N ¢sin60 =0; (4)
S Fky =0, YA Q cos60 N ¢cos60 = 0; (5)
S mA () = 0, MA + M+Q × 2 a+ N ¢cos60 × 4 a +N ¢sin60 × 6 a = 0. (6)
. (1) (6), . , N' = N .
: N = 21,7, YD = 10,8 ; XD= 8, 8, = 26,8 , YA = =24,7 , A = 42,6 ×.
, , A .
3
( ) , , , D (. 3.0 3.9, . 3). ( , , L ) . , , = 200 ; Q = 100 . , , z , a 1 = 45, b 1 = 60, g 1 = 60, a 2 = 60,
b 2 = 45, g 2 = 60; , , z . 3.0.
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, , . j = 60, q = 51. .
. 3.10 , 3.1, L , LM, LA, LB; MA, MC, MD.
j q.
. 3 . , , ; , .
, . , ; , (, N 1, N 2 ..).
3
H, M | L, M | K, M | L, H | K, H | |
, , , , , MD | LM, LA, LD, MA, MB, MC | , , , , , MD | LH, LC, LD, HA, HB, HC | KH, KB, KC, HA, HC, HD | |
, | L, H | K, H | L, M | K, M | |
, , , , , HD | LH, LB, LD, HA, HB, HC | KH, KC, KD, HA, HB, HC | LM, LB, LD, MA, MB, MC | KM, KA, KD, MA, MB, MC |
. 3.0 | . 3.1 | . 3.2 | |
. 3.3 | . 3.4 | . 3.5 | |
. 3.6 | . 3.7 | . 3.8 | |
. 3.9 | . 3.10 | ||
3. 1, 2,... 6, ( ) , , , D (. 3). , a1, b1, g1 a2, b2, g2 ( a1, b1, g1).
: =100 , a 1 = 60, b 1 = 60, g 1 = 45; Q = 50 , a 2 = 45,
b 2 = 60, g 2= 60, y = 30, j = 60, d = 74. : 1 6.
. 1. , 1, 2, 3. , , , , . :
; (1)
; (2)
; (3)
. 3
(1), (2), (3) , N1 = 349 , N2 = 345 , N3 = 141 .
2. . , , , . , = . :
; (4)
; (5)
; (6)
(4) (5) ( = ), , .
(4), (5), (6) , N' 2= N 2 =
= 345 , , N 4, N 5, N6.
: N 1= 349 ; N 2= 345 ; N 3 = 141 ; N 4 = 50 ; N 5 = 329 ; N 6= 66 . , 2 6 , .
4
() ( ) , () l (. 4.0 4.7) 1 2 (. 4.8, 4.9); .
; P 1 = 5 , 2= 3 . ( ).
= 4 ×, , . , . 4; , , , xz, , yz. (D, , , ) .
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(). = 0,6 .
. 4 . , () ( ), () , , (). , ( ); , , mx () = mx () + mx () . .
. 4.0 | . 4.1 |
. 4.2 | . 4.3 |
. 4.4 | . .4.5 |
. 4.6 | . 4.7 |
. 4.8 | . 4.9 |
4
F 1 = 6 | F 2 = 8 | F 3 = 10 | F 4 = 12 | |||||
- | a 1, | - | a 2, | - | a 3, | - | a 4, | |
H | ||||||||
D | E | |||||||
K | E | |||||||
K | D | |||||||
E | D | |||||||
H | K | |||||||
H | D | |||||||
H | K | |||||||
D | K | |||||||
D | H | |||||||
4. (. 4) , () DD', , xz, , , yz, .
: = 3 , F = 8 , = 4 ×, a = 60, = 0,8 , A = 1,2 , BE = 0,4 , EH = 0,4 . : , DD ¢.
. 1. . , , . , , , () , ( , ); D D', , .
2.
:
; (1)
; (2)
; (3)
; (4)
;
(5)
(6)
. 4
, z (F ¢ = F cosa, F"= F sina), (. ). .
, .
: = 3,4 ; Y = 5,1 ; ZA = 4,8 ; B = 7,4; ZB = 2,1 ; N= 5,9 . , . 4.
K1
1 1 .1, .
1. (. 1.0 1.9, . 1; ). : = f 1(t), = f 2(t). , t .
1
y = fz (t) | s = f (t) | |||
. 02 | . 36 | . 79 | ||
; t 1= 1 , .
= f 1(t) , = f 2(t) . K1 ( . 02 2, . 36 3, . 79 4). 1 4, , . 1 .
. 1.0 | . 1.1 | . 1.2 |
. 1.3 | . 1.4 | . 1.5 |
. 1.6 | . 1.7 | . 1.8 |
. 1.9 |
1. R = 2 s = f 1(t), . 1 5 (s , t ), s = AM , . t 1 = 1 . ,, , s .
. K1 , ( ), , , .
t 1= 1 . 1 ( ) :
cos2 a =12sin2 a =2cos2 a 1; sin2 a = 2sin a cos a.
1. :
,
(, , t ).
; t 1 = 1 , .
. 1. t. t , ,
(1)
(1).
, ,
,
.
(, . 1):
(2)
. 1
2. :
,
;
t 1 = 1
/, /, /.
3. :
, ;
t 1 = 1 c
/2, /2, /2. (4)
4. , .
,
. (5)
, (5), (3) (4). (5) , , t 1= 1 c = 0,66 /2.
5. .
, t 1= 1 /2.
6. . , , t 1= 1 .
: = 1,33 /, = 0,88 /2, = 0,66 /2, /2, .
1. R = 2 (s , t ), s = AM (. 1). t 1= 1 .
. :
.
. 1
t 1= 1 /.
:
.
.
t 1= 1 , , R = 2 ,
0,87 /2, 0,62 /2.
t 1= 1
1,07 /2.
. 1 , .
2
1 3, , 4 5, , (. 2.0 2.9, . 2). : 1 r 1= =2, R 1= 4 , 2 r 2 = 6 , R 2 = 8 , 3 r 3 = 12 , R3 = = 16 . , .
, j1(t) 1, s4 (t) 4, w2(t)