ФОРМЫ ИНФИНИТИВА
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite | to V1 | to be Ved / 3 |
| Continuous | to be Ving | - |
| Perfect | to have Ved / 3 | to have been Ved / 3 |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been Ving | - |
Indefinite and Continuous Infinitive выражают действия, одновременные с глаголом - сказуемым.
I want to go home! – Я хочу пойти домой!
I wanted to go home then. – Я хотел пойти домой тогда.
I am glad to be speaking with you. – Я рад, что разговариваю с тобой.
Perfect and Perfect Continuous Infinitive выражают действие, предшествовавшее глаголу-сказуемому.
It is very nice of you to have come here. -
He must have forgotten about it. – Должно быть, он забыл об этом.
I am glad to have spoken with you. – Я рад, что поговорил с тобой.
Отрицательная форма: not + инфинитив:
To be, or not to be: that is the question.
6. Функции инфинитива в предложении.
Инфинитив может выполнять функцию любого члена предложения, кроме сказуемого (оно может входить в составное сказуемое).
a) Инфинитив – подлежащее (переводится на русский язык неопределенной формой глагола или отглагольным существительным):
To treat a far advanced case of ulcer is very difficult.
Лечить запущенный случай язвы очень трудно.
To perform bypass surgery in alimentary canal requires skill.
Проведение шунтирования у больных с опухолями желудочно-кишечного тракта требует большого умения.
b) инфинитив – часть составного глагольного сказуемого:
You must follow the doctor’s instructions very carefully.
Вы должны тщательно выполнять указания врача.
You will have to stop smoking.
Вам придется бросить курить.
He agreed to give the patient a consultation.
Он согласился проконсультировать больного.
c) инфинитив – дополнение:
The doctor advised him to stay in bed for two or three days.
Врач посоветовал ему оставаться в постели дня два-три.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: если дополнение выражено сложной формой инфинитива, то оно переводится придаточным предложением, которое вводится союзом «что» или «чтобы».
The surgeon asked to be assisted.
Хирург попросил, чтобы ему ассистировали.
d) инфинитив – определение (часто следует за словами the first, the last и т.п.)
The patient to be operated on is a well-controlled diabetic.
Больной, которого будут оперировать, - хорошо компенсированный диабетик.
Our clinic was the first to apply this technique.
Наша клиника была первой, где (в которой)применили эту методику.
e) инфинитив – обстоятельство (переводится обстоятельственным придаточным предложением цели с союзами «чтобы, для того, чтобы»):
To perform such an operation one must be an experienced surgeon.
Для того чтобы выполнить такую операцию, нужно быть опытным хирургом.
EXERCISES
I. Translate the sentences into English, paying attention to the Infinitive.
1. To take part in the concert was a real pleasure.
2. To master medicine one must work hard.
3. We had to change the time of our meeting.
4. She wants to accept your offer.
5. He wants to be admitted to the University.
6. He is happy to have been admitted to the University.
7. There were many interesting things at the lecture to attract our attention.
8. He was the first to learn about it.
9. I am afraid not to see her.
10. He pretended not to hear the question.
11. This is the dose to be taken.
12. I am eager to tell you that I am a second-year student.
13. My duty will be to treat people for different diseases.
14. I arranged everything to be admitted into the University.
15. I had to get a certificate of health.
16. Dr. Ivanov asked me to take a seat.
17. Then he wanted to know what my troubles were.
18. After the examination the doctor began to fill in my patient’s card.
19. I always follow the prescribed treatment to be well again as soon as possible.
20. If one doesn’t follow the treatment this may cause serious complications.
II. Fill in “to” where it is necessary.
1. The operation cannot... be performed today.
2. I asked her not... take the stitches out.
3. The surgeon asked me not... worry.
4. Let me... help you with your work.
5. I don’t know how... give first aid in this case.
6. You’d better... take an aspirin. You look bad.
7. We have come... ask whether there is anything we can... do.
8. I cannot... go there now, I have some work... do.
9. You must make him... practice an hour a day.
10. I asked mother... let me... go to the disco.
11. He is not sure that it can... be done, but he wants... try.
12. You are cold. You’d better... sit near the fireplace.
13. I felt someone... touch my suppurative wound.
14. Please, help me... translate it.
15. I like... carry on experiments. We must... do it regularly.
16. I would rather... listen to the radio than... see this soap opera on TV. – As for me, I prefer... watch TV. You’d better... take a radio and... go for a walk.
17. My brother can... put dressings very well.
18. We had... put on our white gowns and caps.
19. May I use... your telephone?
20. I would rather... put the fractured bone in plaster of Paris.
21. You look tired. You had better... go home and have a rest.
22. Do you like... take part in autopsy?
23. Would you like...learn how... use a computer?
24. Would you like... listen to the lecture about modern methods of treatment?
25. I want to get thinner, so I’d rather... walk than... go by car.
26. Would you like... take part in this competition?
