Savannas; mammals; mists; coasts; humans; insects; rainbows, rainstorms; habitats, showers; area; sunlight; pigeons; the greenhouse effect; reptiles; temperature; climatic changes.
3. Translate these words and word-combinations and put them into your vocabularies:
An influence- a shower-
A rainbow- pollution-
Misty- nuclear weapons-
A shortage of food- a reptile-
A government- a poisoned river-
The Statue of Liberty- industrial waste-
Radiation- heat-
A greenhouse- the greenhouse effect-
Sunlight- acid rain-
A rainstorm- an ozone hole-
Coast- health-
A population- an environment-
4. Read and translate the text, find the unknown words in it and write them down into your vocabularies:
Air Pollution
When the Americans decided to clean up the Statue of Liberty in 1986, the first thing they had to do was to make a hole in her nose and take away the acid rain that had collected inside. The polluted air of New York had mixed with the rain and damaged the Statue badly. And you certainly know the most of the pollution in big cities comes from cars and buses.
More and more people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the Earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.
Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution. This happened in Windscale in Britain, in Three Mile island in the USA and the Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union. Nuclear pollution cannot be seen but its effects can be terrible.
To make air clean again we need good filters and nuclear power stations, at factories and plants and also in cars and buses.
Both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. Man is beginning to understand that his environment is not just his own town or country, but the whole Earth. That’s why people all over the world think and speak so much about the ecology.
5. Use the expression from the brackets to complete the sentences:
(natural resources in danger of extinction long-term indigenous people)
Future generations natural habitats destruction way of life
1. The ________ of the rain forests is very worrying.
2. Forests are being cut down and the _______ of ma animals are being destroyed.
3. As a result, many species are ______________.
4. This threatens the of many of the _______ who live in the remote areas.
5. We need to think more _______ and realize that everything we do has implications for______.
6. If we want to hand on our world to our children we can’t continue to misuse ______ as we do now.
Air quality uninhabitable heavily polluted cloud of pollution
1. The ________ in many cities is so poor that we have an increase in chest and lung illnesses.
2. These cities are _________ and some are covered by a ______.
3. Unless we start to do something about them many of our biggest cities will become_______.
6.Use the expression from the brackets to complete the sentences:
Radiation oceans floods sea level gases deserts climate ice caps temperature
1. The __________ on Earth increases one degree every century.
2. The gases produced by factories allow more _________ from the sun to reach Earth
3. As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and Antarctic _________ will slowly melt.
4. The level of the ___________ will rise.
5. The ___________ will rise by 70 meters over the next hundred years.
6. The rise will cause ___________ in many low-laying parts of the world.
7. There will be ________ changes too.
8. Some areas which today are green will turn into___________.
7. Share your opinions with friend about the situation of environmental protection in the world. Begin your conversation with the information you find out about in the text below and continue it with your own thoughts:
In Harmony With Nature
Abilities and powers of man are increasing now. Technological progress allowed to use nuclear, chemical, laser, biological, and other machines and technologies instead of hand-operated and mechanical techniques. However, scientific and technological progress, as a rule, was separated from social progress. Such approach has let man use the means negative consequences of which are globally destructive. 100 billion tons of minerals are mined annually, and more than 90% of them go in waste. Amount of oxygen, consumed by certain countries, already exceed its manufacture by the plants of these countries. Tropical forest-main ‘lungs’ of the Earth- is more than 40% felled. The speed of its felling is more than 20 hectares per minute. Almost one thousand of species of animals and 25 thousand species of plants are now under the threat of extinction. Recently medicine has faced the problems of worsening natural ecological unknown by now. Felling forests, pollution of environment by industrial waste and automobiles have already caused global warmth on the planet. Misuse of pesticides, mineral fertilizers, water pollution, impact of Chernobyl accident on the people-this is not a complete list of the factors determining dangerous changes in the cells of human organism and growth of diseases and death rate. Man is now using permissive principle and its trying to take everything from his life today. Mankind has driven itself into a dead-end…. However, we still have an exit from it. It is indisputable that solution of the problem of preserving the quality of the man’s life is impossible without solving ecological problems: preservations of genetic fund of flora and fauna, preservation of clean and productive natural environments (atmosphere, hydrosphere, soils, forests), preservation of ozone. Only having realized that the reason of ecological crisis which burst in the 20 century was lack of unity of Man and Nature, civilization can achieve progress.
LESSON 13
Environmental Protection
1. Learn these words and word-combinations and put them into your vocabularies:
2. Pollution- забруднення environment-довкілля
3. Definition- визачення worried- занепокоєний
4. Harmful- шкідливий affect- вплив
5. Dangerous- небезпечний damaging-руйнівний
6. Cause- спричиняти destroy- руйнувати
7. Exist- існувати layer- шар
8. Reach- досягати recent-недавній
9. Research-дослідження hole- дірка
10. Increase- збільшення acid- кислота
11. Contain- містити в собі aim- мета
12. Conservation- охорона природи protection-захист
13. Plant- рослина exhaust fumes- вихлопні гази
14. Dumping- вивалювання waste-відходи
15. Can- бляшана банка rainforest-тропічний ліс
16. Recycle- переробляти resources-ресурси
17. Save- зберігати valuable- цінний
2. Read the information about pollution and environment, translate it and share your opinions with your friends:
People are more worried about the environment as a result of the harmful effects of human activity. Some of these activity cause pollution and some are destroying the environment. Here are some of the problem:
the ozone layer: a layer of gases which stop harmful radiation from the sun reaching the Earth; recent research shows that there is now a hole in parts of the ozone layer.
global warming: an increase in world temperature caused by an increase in carbon dioxide.
acid rain: rain that contains dangerous chemicals; this is caused by smoke from factories.
Common causes of damage:
-smoke from factories;
- car exhaust fumes;
-dumping (=throwing away) industrial waste (=unwanted materials) in seas and rivers;
-aerosol cans (usually called sprays). Some of these contain a chemical which can damage the ozone layer.
-cutting down tropical rainforests. This increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
How can we help?
-don’t throw away bottles, newspapers, etc. take them to a bottle bank or newspaper bank, and then they can be recycled (=used again).
-plant more trees;
-don’t waste resources. Try to save them.
3. Read and translate the text, find the unknown words in it and write them down into your vocabularies:
