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( )




() . [75]. , .. , : .

, , , , .. , . , , . , ( ). . , , , . - ( - ).

. , . , , 1 .

1, 2, 5, 6 3, 4, 7, 8 .

1. .

--- (1) --- (0)

2. , .

--- (1) --- (0)

3. .

--- (0) --- (1)

4. , .

--- (0) --- (1)

5. .

--- (1) --- (0)

6. .

--- (1) --- (0)

7. , .

--- (0) --- (1)

8. .

--- (0) --- (1)

, . , , , .

1 - , , , 8 , - 0 . .

[313, . 143-157].

(1) , , . . - 50 . ( 15 .)

(2) . 1 0. () : 4. , 3. , 2. , , 1. , 0. . 8 8X4 =32, , , = = 0

(3) , ( 12). "+" ,"-" - .

, , . , 3 1, 5 7; 6 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 8. 3 8. 3 (" ") , . 7 (" , ") , . , , . - 2 4, .

(4) , " " ( 13).

50-100 , - . , ( " " " "). - . . : , , - . ( ). , , .

, 12, . , , .

"" "" , . 1 , - , .. .

. - , - . , .

. 13 , 6 : "" "" . : , - , . , .

(5) . . . . :

R = 1 - ,

KN

R - , - ( = 8), ,.N- ( = 15), - , . . 10% . 0,90. , :

= (1 R)* (KN).

R = 0,90 8 15 : (1-0,90)*(8*15)=12, .. , . 0,95.

R = 1 - = 0,95.

8*15

0,98, 8, , . :

 

R = 1 - = 0,98.

7*15

(4 = " "... 0 = " "), , , - .

(6) 0,90 . . .

, , , . , , .





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