.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


(WAN)




 

:

" - " (point-to-point);

"" (cloud).

 

" - " , N N(N - 1)/2 . .

WAN "". .

"" :

( );

( E-mail);

( IP, X.25), ( Frame Relay), ( ATM).

. .

, ( ), - , , ( ).

(PSN - Packet-Switched Network) , . : , , .

( ), , . ( ), , - .

. , . : IP; X.25; Frame Relay; ATM.

PSN :

1) . : . , , .

( ), . , , .

2) , .. . . , . , , , .

TCP/IP IP-, .. . : X.25, Frame Relay, ATM , , .. .

 

X.25

.25 , . X.25 . .25 ( ) 64 /. .25 .

.25 " - " , . .25 ( ) DTE DCE.

X.25, :

DTE (data terminal equipment) ( , , , , .. ).

DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment) ( , ).

PSE (packet switching exchange) .


.25 :

1) ;

2) ;

3) .

 

.25 OSI: , . . , .

.25 , . , . . .25 X.21 X.21bis.

.25 , . . . . LAP-B, , .

.25 PLP (Packet-Layer Protocol - ). , . PLP . DTE . . DTE, .

PLP :

DTE. . DTE DCE, . DCE PSE, . , PSE, DCE, DTE , . DTE DCE, DCE DTE. , .

, . .

, , .

, .

 

.25:

, ;

, ( ).

:

, .

 

Frame Relay (FR)

Frame Relay , . Frame Relay ISDN 2 /. . Frame Relay OSI. Frame Relay ( ).

Frame Relay . Frame Relay , . Frame Relay .

, , . Frame Relay - . , . , , . 44 /, .

Frame Relay , . . Frame Relay . , . OSI.

 

Frame Relay :

1) ( );

2) () .

 

Frame Relay (FR) () . Frame Relay DTE (, , ) DCE ( "").

Frame Relay , .. , . Frame Relay , ( ). Frame Relay - , .


Frame Relay, :

DTE (data terminal equipment) (, , ).

DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment) ( , ).





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